A Case of identity Essay

Through a comparison of ‘A Case of identity’ and ‘The Stolen Cigar case’ discuss how successful Bret Harte is in parodying Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.  There are two forms of detective story: there is the ‘who dunnit’ idea in which gentlemen detectives are called upon in all sorts of impossible situations, but always manage to solve the crime. In this type, the reader has a good idea of who committed the ‘crime’; however, the characters in the story don’t. The other type of story is a mystery, in which neither reader nor investigators know who is responsible for the crime; together with the characters, the reader too is invited to figure out the sequence of events. In the Sherlock Holmes stories the focus is on the character of the detective himself (Sherlock Holmes) and follows the story of him solving a mystery. Sherlock Holmes (S.H) was a legendary figure as he was the very first fictional detective; his stories were written in the Victorian times by the writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.  The S.H stories have many common features. For example S.H is seen to be very well organised and by the end, his efforts have concluded in solving the mystery/crime. This has made it easier for Bret Harte to parody Conan Doyle’s style; he uses many similar features like the same old fashioned language and also in having Sherlock Holmes or Hemlock Jones (as he is called in the parody), portrayed as a very precise, eccentric detective. In the original story, we are told of how Miss Mary Sunderland goes to S.H to find Mr Hosmer Angel-her missing bridegroom-who disappeared on the day of their wedding. S.H manages to find this man, so uncovering the fact that it is her step-father in disguise!  In the parody; ‘The Stolen Cigar Case’, Hemlock Jones (H.J) accuses Watson of stealing his cigar case and constructs an elaborate/exaggerated story to prove his point, only to find he had misplaced it! In ‘A Case of Identity’ Watson is the narrator, who, as he is some what naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, has to have things explained to him; this assists the reader. He tries to work out S.H’s process of deduction, often unsuccessfully, so S.H explains in a straightforward manner through Watson to the reader. He takes the role of the pupil and is a necessary link between Sherlock and the reader. As we look at things from Watson’s point of view we are able to see how S.H unravels the cases and solves the crimes. S.H is admired greatly by Watson; likewise readers also come to admire him as an exponent of ratiocination. Throughout the story, the impression is given that S.H’s previous clients have all been people high up in society as he had â€Å"a little souvenir from the king of Bohemia† in return for Sherlock helping him with a case. He has many valuable belongings, many of which have been gifts from wealthy clients of his such as his â€Å"snuff-box of gold†.  He also refers to similar cases to the ones he is working on â€Å"You will find parallel cases, if you consult my index, in Andover in ’77†. This also shows that he is an experienced detective with a powerful memory and someone in whom one can have faith.

Ethics and Corruption

What is corruption? Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It is damaging to a country because decisions are taken not for the public benefit but to serve private interests. Corruption undermines good governance, fundamentally distorts public policy, leads to misallocation of resources, and particularly hurts the poor. There is a case in 29th July 1995, where the collapse of the Sampoong Superstore in Seoul, South Korea, represents an example of a structural collapse attributed in large part to corruption. The collapse of this structure left 937 people injured and had a death toll of over 500 innocent lives. Due to that, Engineer’s integrity and ethical standard will be put to test when involving project worth millions dollars. As the saying goes, â€Å"money is the root of all evil,† it is not unusual to find engineers who are tempted by the amount of money that they are entrusted with; whether to fully utilize the money in the project or to fulfill their individual greed. Hence, engineers need to be truthful. The level of truthfulness in engineering is very high, much higher in everyday life. It imposes what many consider an absolute prohibition on deception, and in addition it establishes a high ideal of seeking and speaking the truth (Martin & Schinzinger, 2005). Being truthful keep the engineers away from corruption and cutting corner. One of many ways to prevent corruption and unethical practice of cutting corner in engineering field is the development of honest and ethical engineering culture by creating or increase awareness of ethical practice among engineers since large amount of money or projects are often being handled by engineers. This is important in a sense that engineers must aware of the types of corruption as well as the punishments and consequences for involving in corruption. Punishments such as retracting the title of engineer and blacklisting the particular individual in the Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) and more severe punishments such as imprisonment, confiscating of properties and summonses. When engineers aware of the punishments subjected, then corruption can be prevented. Besides, awareness among engineers towards corruption can be created by implementing subjects or courses concerning engineer’s ethical issues into engineering course in university. Students that vow to become an engineer must first be taught of the ways to become an ethical engineer. Furthermore, BEM can include seminars or talks about ethical issues into Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programs for local engineers. Seniors engineers are compulsory to participate to gain points in CDP. By doing so, senior engineers that left university for long could still be educated on ethical issues. Therefore, self-awareness is a long term strategy in curbing corruption and unethical practices. When corruption is involved, competitions are not fair anymore. People will find various methods to undercut competition. Instead of using a well-organized process for contracting based on technical criteria to judge bids and firms, it is decentralized and is subject to monopoly power plus discretion minus accountability. Some political appointees have the discretion to let contracts without competition or technical reviews. Therefore, tendering process must be more transparent and have strict control over project variation. Handling of tenders should be fair and just where the project should only be awarded to the bidder who offers lowest price on the project without ignoring the quality of materials and services as well as the customers’ requirements. Any conflict of interest or bribes should be notified by the engineer to the corresponding company during the process of evaluating all the offers made by the bidders in order to ensure an outcome of decision which are fair, just and also the best for the company. By doing so, the opportunity of the engineer to work together with the bidders in falsifying the receipts or offers to gain profit without alerting or the knowledge of the company can be decreased or at some point, being completely eliminated, to avoid putting the lives of workers, employees and publics at risk due to corruption. Advantage or authority given to the engineers must not be misused in unlawful deeds, engineers should report to their company for how they handle or use the given authority to complete the project in order to prevent falsification and exaggeration of the project funds. Corruption usually occurs because a certain individual or organization has too much power and authority. Engineers themselves should always alert toward orders they get from company or requirement from customers. Any conflicts of the order or requirement with the codes of ethics should be advised by the engineers to the customer or company. If the advice failed to change their mind, then the engineers have the responsibility to carried forth the case to corresponding authority. Besides, in order to eliminate the unnecessary power and authorities, the administration approval process should be optimized. A complete supervising system should be implemented to prevent any corruption and this supervising system should allow the officials to work without administrative interference at the same time protecting the innocent public. Besides, institution of regular and random checks is important to review the conduct of the officials involved in engineering, project or construction industry. These checks include detailed review of the entire procurement process on selected projects. It must be fair and done by an anti-corruption body. The checks should not single out any individual official or company. Consequently, officials are less likely to participate in corrupt conduct or deliberate maladministration as they cannot be confident that their conduct will not be detected by detailed scrutiny of supervisory officials. As a consequence of these random and regular reviews or checks, may be a pattern of misconduct can be identified at one or more specific stages during the construction process. Furthermore, hot lines or whistle-blowers protection is another measure in curbing corruption and unethical practices of cutting corners. Hot lines improve accountability by enlisting workers and public to report corrupt acts. The government office responsible for investigating such acts often operates a hot line. For example, in Hong Kong, the Independent Commission Against Corruption runs a hot line and guarantees that every allegation is investigated. It also protects those who make reports by granting file access to officers on a â€Å"need to know† basis only. However, in cases where anonymity cannot be guaranteed, those who protest corruption often place themselves at risk. In many countries, whistle blowers are often fired or punished, subjected to administrative harassment, and exposed to violence. For this reason, anti- corruption efforts need legislation to protect whistle blowers from official sanctions or even to reward them. Although whistle-blowing is not desirable in a company as it will affect the reputation of the company, but it is an essential way in combating corruption. With every engineer practicing whistle-blow, others will not even consider unethical practices such as corruption and cutting corners. Thus, effectively preventing misbehavior among engineers and subsequently safeguarding the good image of the engineering profession. Professional engineers should aware that it is important to conduct the duty assigned to them responsibly and professionally especially when it involves he confidential information about certain project because bribery and cutting corner can also occur in such way that the information is used by other company to compete in an unfair condition. The professional engineers will never disclose the confidential information of their client or companies to others in order to maintain their professionalism and they must also knows that the consequences of revealing those info rmation can be a great risk for themselves and companies, such act is punishable and will affects their reputation as an professional engineer. Furthermore, transparency of a project progress can reduces as well as avoids corruption to occur as the activities of the project are visible to all and the engineer can hardly alter it for cutting corner purpose. The transparency of a tender progress or engineering project can be made clear or enhanced by doing the publication of the procurement procedures. Procedures involved in the projects shall be clearly defined and stated so that the publications are understandable and clear to public, details such as stating how and where the supplies originated from shall be included. Through this step, the procedures made in the projects are transparent to the public and the chance for the engineers to corrupt would be greatly reduced. The publication can be made through media such as newspaper, internet, and magazine at which these media are easily reached by the public. According to the BEM code of ethics, a registered engineer shall conduct himself honorably, responsibly, ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honors, reputation and usefulness of the profession. This code should always be abided by the engineer and keep in mind that one should be avoiding from corruption, bribery and also cutting corner and have to be very well aware that these are the actions punishable by the Board of Engineers or court of law and also might risk the safety and health of the public. Every engineer should aware of their own responsibility toward the company, client and public which includes preserving the reputations of company and themselves. They should do everything lawfully to increase the reputations of their company and engineers. Reputation of an engineer is very important in order for them to be employed and keep their professions as an engineer. Engineers also should uphold their professionalism in order to honor and enhance their usefulness in the field. Failing to abide the codes might result in drop in reputation, being fired, the license of engineer being revoked or the worst is, might end up in jail. Based on the first principle of BEM Codes of ethics, a registered engineer holds paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public. The engineer should always make the public as his first priority because in the profession of engineering, the whole community is the ultimate client rather than the individual client. Corruption and cutting corner always put the safety of public at the edge of risk as the bidders always tend to make more profits from the project, hence they might altered the materials for the project to lower quality materials in order to save cost and this might lead to disastrous consequences such as collapse of buildings and dangerous behaviors of machines due to malfunction or system breakdown. Engineers have the responsibility to report to corresponding authority if their client or company failed to fulfill the instructions of the engineer that abide the code. Even though engineers have their own responsibility toward their client, but the first code of ethics erases this responsibility if their clients or company fail to follow what have been set by the engineers which did not against the codes of ethics. Failing to abide the first code might result in disciplinary action to be taken or the license as an engineer to be revoked because they put the lives of public in danger, even though at the end no harm or loss of life occur. The first code of ethics is also applicable to the case with other professions at which the general public’s safety is the main consideration to be made before others. In conclusion, engineers should always take consideration and action according to the codes of ethics. Any action that might lead to bribery, corruption or cutting corner should be avoided. Prevention methods for unethical practice have to be carried out by engineers and the importance of upholding the professionalism in engineering field has to be kept in mind in order to create an honorable, responsible, ethical and lawful profession. The impression or reputation of engineers can be improved through actual practice of the codes of ethics and avoiding corruptions. Engineers should always remind themselves that not only the project, reputation, and wealth are in their hands, but also the safety and life of public, therefore, it is important for them to make safety issues as the main priority of making consideration. In addition, the integrity of the country also can be improved through such practice as the corruptions, briberies, and cutting corners are reduced.

Education: A Mother’s Struggle For A Child

In â€Å"Kaffir Boy†, Mark â€Å"Johannes† Mathabane†s mother strives to send him to school. She does not let anything get in the way of her ambition. Even though her husband disapproves, she will not let anything get in her way, but now her desires for her son to be educated are stronger. Her courage speaks louder than the consequences she will face with her husband. It seems as though her husband is dealing with a great amount of jealously. A jealously that will decipher Johannes†s decision about school. â€Å"Did you hear what that woman said!† â€Å"Do you want the same to happen to you?† A statement and question raised by his mother to show Johannes the importance of an education. â€Å"They finally did. But what a battle it was, it took me nearly a year to get all them papers together.† Since it took his mother so long to get everything together there was no way she was going to let everything she worked so hard for go down the drain. Even though Johannes†s mother and father were from different tribes, that did not stop her from putting her son in school. â€Å"Your father and I fought today because I took you to school this morning.† Johannes†s mother expresses her courage throughout the story. â€Å"He had told me not to, and when I told him that I had, he became very upset. He was drunk. We started arguing, and one thing let to another.† She shows her courage by disobeying her husband†s orders. Unlike her husband, she wants Johannes to have a future and getting an education is the only way for a future. Being beaten was the consequence of disobeying her husband, but the beating how no effect for Johannes†s mother wanted to see her son succeed in the world. Johannes†s father seems to be jealous that his own son may have a chance to be educated. He says, â€Å"he doesn†t have money to wasted paying for you to get what he calls an useless white man†s education.† It seems that he does not understand that school will keep Johannes off the streets. He, himself being uneducated seems to be the result of not comprehending how valuable an education is. Johannes is extremely upset with his father because he beat his mother, and is also upset since his own father does not want him to be educated. Johannes sees school differently after he learns that his mother has always wanted to go to school. Also, her courage and ambition out weighs his father†s jealously. Johannes makes a decision that will forever affect him. After, he realizes all the trouble and hard work his mother went through, he promises his mother that he will forever go to school.

CSR of Google Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CSR of Google Company - Essay Example A Brief Outline of Google Company Google Company began as a research project, conducted by two Stanford students. In the year 1996, Larry and Brin conducted a search engine using a distinctive method of grading search results. Since they required a relevant search engine using the internet, the need grew further and, as a result, registered Google.com domain and officially created Google, Inc. in 1998 (Girard, 2009 p. 14). As a search engine during the time, Google had advantages over other search engines because the search results were organized in a relevant manner. Google grew as a popular search engine, which was easy to use. The company has grown to employ over 12,000 individuals worldwide. The company has acquired several acquisitions to permit continuity of innovation. For instance, the company has acquired DoubleClick and YouTube companies. The company’s mission is to organize the world’s report and make it useful and accessible universally. The company takes pa rt in various philanthropic donations (Girard, 2009 p. 21). Corporate Social Responsibility Issues Facing Google Company Although Google Company ranks among the top companies practicing corporate social responsibility under the Corporate Social Responsibility Index (CSRI), the company faces several challenges doubting its ethics and responsibility as an international company. One of the ethical issues facing Google Company is that the company has proved to be deceptive and not outspoken (Meiners, 2011 p. 20). Google has publicly claimed to respect the users’ privacy, inform and disclose to the consumers what they do with their private data. To the contrary, in 2008, a consumer poll indicated that 93 percent of individual interviewed preferred internet companies to ask for authority before accessing personal information. Hence, Google words do not match consumer expectations (Drushel, 2011 p. 47). This is evident from the consumer watchdog, where they have gathered a video on how Google harms the privacy of consumers and unfairly represent what they do. Google does not represent its business fairly or disclose its incompatible interests. The company has always claimed to work for users, but the users pay the company nothing. The company works for advertisers, which indicates a conflict of interest. The company’s cofounders had foreseen and understood the conflict, which the company hides from users as written in their PHD dissertation (Jennings, 2010 p. 57). There is also enough evidence showing that the company’s undisclosed conflicts poses serious risks to users of either defraud or harm. If Google Company cared for its users, it would have bothered having a customer service or would protect the safety and privacy of users. The company is even deceptive in philanthropy. The philanthropy arm of the company has deceptively created the impression that the company’s philanthropy is devoid of a profit aim, which is not true (Miller, 201 1 p. 76). Another ethical issue facing the Google Company is avoiding legitimate accountability, designed to protect others. There is enough evidence indicating that Google Company does not consider it is subject to the same principles everyone is. For instance, One World Trust ranked the company worst in the world survey of accountability. Also, Audit Integrity Firm ranked Google Company in the bottom 2% of all publicly traded organizations, in terms of, governance risk and accounting. In addition, the company founders developed a two-tier

International Marketing Master Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Marketing Master - Assignment Example Power mainly holds with Prime Minister. Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of People's Republic of China and it maintains a high degree of autonomy in all matters relating to government and politics except foreign and defense affairs. It is regarded as separate entity though maintained as dependency on certain issues on china. In South Korea the government structure is determined by constitution of republic of Korea. The country has always had a presidential system with a relatively independent chief executive. Law systems in these countries are distinctly different from each other. Japanese law and judicial system is influenced by civil law of Europe and has also the roots of Chinese whereas Hong Kong though now a part of China and have its own autonomy still follows the common law which was established under British colonial law. So if we consider our product of Play station it won't have a big effect if any problems crop up as these countries law system is quite streamlined enough to make its own impact towards the issues. In South Korea taxes are imposed on both national and local level. Taxes like property tax, license tax fall under local tax levels whereas custom duties tax and international tax come under national level. Taxes are imposed both on companies which are global or foreign and national companies. The difference however ranges from the slab rate which is offered to each of them. The following figure shows the corporate Income tax rate for general corporations Corporate Income Tax Rate for General Corporations Previous Revised Tax base Tax rate Tax base Tax rate 80 million 20% (24%) 100 million won or less 20% over 80 million won * Unlisted Large-scale Corp.:33% (39.6-41.25) * Non-Profit Corp.: 27% (32.4-33.5%) * Corp., other than the above: 30% (36-37.5%) over 100 million won 20 million won + 34% of an amount in excess of 100 million won Source: http://www.asiatradehub.com/s.korea/tax1.asp If we look at the Hong Kong economy and business prospects one thing we can gather information from it is that tax system followed. It can be said as most business friendly tax system in the world. The best part is that there are no values added taxes (VAT) or sales tax. Taxes are usually levied on profits, salaries and property. The tax rate when profit tax is considered is 17.5 % for corporations and 16% for other business environments. Similarly property taxes are 16% on the annual rent. If we consider Japan, we can say taxes form two categories. They are National Tax and Local Tax. Under these categories lots of subcategories are present which deal with every type of tax which is imposed in the country. Taxes on all issues like bathing tax, consumer goods tax, and gasoline tax are imposed. The consumption tax rate is 5%.Income tax is applied to foreigner which is way too complicated than we can

List the author's main point Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

List the author's main point - Essay Example It’s not really† (837). The author further explains this argument by stating that even though these factors results into environmental calamities, they don’t deserve to be totally eliminated but rather safeguarded to balance the ecological and social state, this is backed up by the statement where the author says that â€Å"economic, political and social systems have produced our current environmental calamities but they don’t deserve to be replaced rather they should be preserved† (837). The author also states that in pursuit towards a successful environment and culture, virtue and violence needs to be combined, this is supported by the quote where the author indeed feels that his readers wonder why he would† yoke together value and violence†(838). Although the use of positive violence is encouraged when it comes to business and economics as supported by the quote â€Å"How can one remove the claim of virtue from the behavior that is most habitual to people?† â€Å"The artful use of violence is obviously something that we admire in those sectors of the culture that we most associate with success† (838). The author states that our virtue is manifested ethically through the use of positive violence. The use of the expression â€Å"we can move mountains† (839) clearly supports this statement of pride. By presenting itself as a type of wisdom, sustainability acts as a mediator between our damaging values and truthfulness to democracy. This is supported by the quote† Sustainability participates in the yearning and willingfulness to the Barbaric Heart despite of itself† (839). The author states that to achieve sustainability, economists, politicians and scientists put their minds together to work and set a common goal .This is supported by the quote â€Å"In short, sustainability assumes that the reasoning of the economics-or economics as thought of

Questions For A Second Reading Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questions For A Second Reading - Assignment Example Richard Miller organizes the whole chapter in further sub heading in an easy manner so as to give something useful in his all passage from major points to lower one. Its very first passage tells about the failure of modern world. According to him the problem actually lies in the advancement of technology and all the imagination unrestricted by realities that has called forth, which has dimmed the line between reality world and fantasy, between fact and fiction. Therefore he has given stress on the use of old fashioned and modest way of entertainment like reading novels, books and other story books that create a strong human interaction in man and always keep the man in reality. He first gives the example of modern world with Columbine Massacre and its failure. Miller has described all the problems of modern world in an organized manner and selected the major problems lies in the modern world in a very easy way. He at start tells about two master minded boys, Harris and Dylan Klebold, were outsiders in whom one was follower and one is leader indulged in evil activities, killed many adults and finally were in funerals, himself in his writing did not accept the idea of blaming others on his actions. Miller has started from the problems of Harris then goes to further more critical problems in a very systematic and organized manner. He forces us to think how do the threats of unforeseen and unpredictable can be eliminated either with the help of educational system or legal system. According to him problem should be stopped at its roots. It should not be increased. It is a challenge for legal and education institution to control the problem from its ground. Miller has used lexis phonic and dense style in his writing. His writing style is very cognitive and knowledgeable. He shows that such a long sentence with a lot of antonyms and large words do not always correlate and give such

Syrian & Libyan Revolution (Case Study) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Syrian & Libyan Revolution (Case Study) - Essay Example When citizens start calling for a different political system, existing governments are bound to resist such pressure in a bid to preserve power. Accordingly, the citizens are forced to use violence to achieve the desired political structures. A political revolution, therefore, takes place when the citizens of a given country start advocating for changes in the political system but the ruling class rejects such calls. What caused the Libyan and Syrian revolutions of 2011? Research shows that a myriad of factors including political (dictatorial governments), economic (class inequalities), and social (massive abuse of human rights) issues. The Arab uprising, as it has come to be known, began in 2010 and continued throughout 2011 affecting a number of countries across the northern part of Africa and the Middle East. Among the countries affected by the uprising were Tunisia, Syria, Yemen, Libya, Egypt, and Algeria. The aforementioned countries all experienced wide spread civil unrest accompanied by subsequent violence perpetrated by disgruntled statesmen. According to Bhardwaj (2012), as the waves of revolution began sweeping over the region, dictatorial regimes that were historically considered invincible started crumbling under massive pressure caused by over-arching civil unrest. As such, it is clear that despite how long an authoritarian regime may last, there will come a time when the citizens decide to take back power from the dictators and establish a more tolerant form of governance. The process of citizens deciding to oust an incumbent government and the actual ousting and subsequent replacement of the said rul ers is what is this study terms as a revolution. What were the probable causes of the Libyan and Syrian revolutions? Various theorists, scholars, and observers have come up with various ways of explaining the causes of the respective revolutions. An exhaustive appraisal of appropriate literature on the origins of the revolutions in Libya and

International Tax Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Tax - Assignment Example Since the jurisdiction for tax imposition in many cases is based on the residence status, the residents and non-residents distinction is of much importance (capitaltaxconsulting.com, 2011) 2. It should be noted that OECD model treat Article 4(1) of the OECD, gives a definition of a Contracting State resident as a person who is â€Å"liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management, or any other criterion of a similar nature.† Article 4(1) further provides that a resident is not inclusive of any person who has a tax liability only in respect of income from sources in the country. This definition of a resident may seem straightforward; however, it raises a number of difficult issues. What does â€Å"liable to tax† mean? Is a person who is exempt from tax, such as a charity or a government, liable to tax? Is a person who does not pay any tax because of loss carryovers or deductions liable to tax? Are citizenship and place of incorporation cri teria of a similar nature? Liable to tax means the aggregate amount any given person is legally obliged to make payment of to the relevant authority due to a taxable event’s occurrence. Exempt persons may involve in a taxable event and thus at some point may become liable to tax (For instance; an instance where a government institution is supposed to withhold and remit taxes). A person having deductions or losses or may have a tax liability as long as taxable event is the ending result or a net claim on assets, for example net income. (investopedia.com, 2011) What determines whether a citizen is either a resident or a non-resident are the circumstances like domicile while a company’s incorporation makes it automatically a resident in many states (oecd.org, 2003) 3. Assume that Country A and Country B both define a resident as an individual who is present in the country for at least 183 days. Is it possible for an individual to be a resident of both Country A and Countr y B under this test? It is possible in a leap year. The countries are to further find a solution to the issue of residence like nationality to avoid taking the individual as a resident of both nations. (oecd.org, 2003) 4. What are the â€Å"Facts and circumstance† strengths and weaknesses test of residence? Under the test, Is it possible for an individual to be resident in two countries? In more than two countries? The outstanding strength that can be associated with the test of residence on â€Å"facts and circumstances† is that of giving a consistent way of determining whether an individual or a company is to be considered resident or not for the purposes tax imposition. The weaknesses attributable to this method of residence determination is that, given country’s test may be different from another and this kills uniformity in determining tax liabilities. A good example is that of Australia where for a person to be resident, they have to spend above average of their time in the state in the year of income while in Japan, they depend mostly upon the domicile or residence that is maintained for one or more years. (treasury.gov.au, 2011) In rare situations an individual can be resident in two or more countries like where they point out the person should be in the country for 183 days or more and it is in a leap year of income like in Canada and Ireland. (treasury.gov.au, 2011) 5. In a country using facts and circumsta

Malcolm X Citation Essay Example for Free

Malcolm X Citation Essay â€Å"The future belongs to those who prepare for it today.† This quote by Malcolm X showed that he was ready for the future, whatever it may be. (Moncur). Malcolm X greatly affected the turn of black de-segregation in the 1950s. He had strong beliefs, suffered a gruesome assassination, and a remarkable legacy. Malcolm Little had many strong beliefs in himself and in people all over the world. Malcolm Little educated himself, so was able to find out what he believed. For one, he changed his name from Malcolm Little to Malcolm X because X was the original surname of the slaves from whom he had descended. He insisted that Blacks had the right to protect themselves. He had always believed that violence was occasionally reasonable. Even though he was put into prison in 1946 for burglary, and got out in 1952, he was still a very significantly important person. Malcolm X became very interested in the Nation of Islam. The Nation of Islam is based on conventional teachings, Black Nationalism, and self-help programs that helped the Blacks living in the ghettoes. He believed in and studied Elijah Muhammad, who was the leader of the Black Muslims and popularized their doctrines. He soon became a Black Muslim and as one, he encouraged other Blacks to form all-Black communities. After being a Black Muslim for awhile, he became the â€Å"Top Dog† and representative for them. On March 8, 1964, Malcolm X broke with the Nation of Islam and made a religious journey to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. In Mecca, he took the name El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz. When Malcolm broke with the Nation of Islam, he became a target for death threats and pressure. On February 21st, Malcolm X was shot and his life was taken away from him in Harlem. No one thinks it is a coincidence the February 21st, was the first day of National Brotherhood Week. He was shot by a double-barreled shot gun and two pistols. Malcolm’s lawyer, Percy Sutton, said after he was proclaimed dead, â€Å"Malcolm knew he would be killed. He told me repeatedly-and as late as yesterday- that his life was in danger† (Finkelman). There were three men involved in the assassination of Malcolm. They were all members of the Nation of Islam. The main one who shot him in the chest was Talmadge Hayer. Hayer was born in 1943, making him twenty-two at the time of Malcolm’s death. Earlier in his life he was detained in prison for possession of guns and disorderly conduct. He testified that his accomplices were not guilty, but they were all convicted. The Audubon Ballroom was the place where Malcolm was shot. The Audubon Ballroom adjoined a theatre found in Washington Heights, NYC. Washington Heights is in a neighborhood north of Harlem. Recently, it was obliterated to make way for the new Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, the place were Malcolm X was taken when he was shot. Everyone that walks in the doors of the Hospital will see the memorial which was placed there for Malcolm X. Malcolm X was one of the most contentious persons of the century. He had met many people, traveled many places, and influenced many lives. Many young Black activists supported him. Malcolm X was captivating and witty, while his words gave hope to all who heard them. He was an incredible speaker and many people wished to quote him. Malcolm X once said, â€Å"How can anyone be against love?†(â€Å"Malcolm X†). I agree with him, no one can be against love. This is one of the many reasons Malcolm X supported the Blacks and helped them to believe that they had the right to be safe, the right to protect themselves, and the right to love.

Work Of Stanley Kubrick Film Studies Essay

Work Of Stanley Kubrick Film Studies Essay Stanley Kubrick became an amateur photographer after getting a camera as a gift. He became an associate photographer at Look Magazine after selling an photograph of a newsstand after Franklin Roosevelt. After several years as an photographer he went into moving pictures, directing and producing his first piece entitled Day of the Flight in 1950. After this he went on to create two more documentaries entitled The Flying Padre and The Seafarers . Then he started doing feature films starting with Fear and Desire, a film that he later sought out all prints of so that no one could watch them. A film is or should be more like music than like fiction. It should be a progression of moods and feelings. The theme, whats behind the emotion, the meaning, all that comes later Stanley Kubrick Some of Stanley Kubricks films use music especially classical to develop an idea. As with Richard Strausss  Also sprach Zarathustra throughout the film 2001: A Space Odyssey. Classical music dominates the film and some argue that the music tells the story not the characters dialogue. The first and last 20 minutes of the film are consumed by classical music. A Clockwork Orange also effectively uses classical music, the film focuses on Alex Delarge, portrayed by Malcolm McDowell, is a deviant who gets conditioned to become a functioning member of society. The government brainwashes Alex with the Ludovico treatment which conditions him to associate horrific crimes with his favorite symphony Beethovens Ninth until the final scene where he discovers he is no longer under the treatments effect. Sometimes Kubrick used music ironically like in A Clockwork Orange Alex sings Singing In the Rain while raping a woman in front of her husband. And  his film Dr. Strangelove ends with  images of nuclear holocaust are accompanied by Vera Lynns version of the WWII song Well Meet Again. The final scene in Full Metal Jacket has the battle hardened Marines singing the theme to The Mickey Mouse Club. One of his signature shots was The Glare a characters emotional breakdown is shown by a close-up shot of the actor with his head tilted slightly down, but with his eyes looking up usually directly into the camera. Kubrick also employed wide angle shots, character tracking shots, zoom shots, and shots down tall parallel walls. Entrapment is a theme of Kubricks films. The characters almost always succumb to their inner demons or assailants. Alex DeLarge is rehabilitated as an ultraviolent thug with the help of the government. Jack Torrance is finally conquered by the overlook hotel. The doomsday device kills everyone. Happy endings are clearly not acceptable in a Kubrickian fable. Visually, the classic corridor shot is the prime indicator of being completely overwhelmed and dwarfed by your surroundings. Its such a striking technique that communicates so much.   Man vs. Technology the ultimate battle is to prove our humanity is superior to machinery. Like with the conflict between HAL 9000 and the scientist.. the Ludivico technique in clockwork is again an effort to dehumanize alex by obliterating his primal rage through a highly scientific and experimental technique. Full Metal Jacket was Kubricks take on the military turning men into killing machines. The sergeant finds Gomer in the bathroom and screams What is your malfunction! as if he were not a human with severe emotional trauma, but a robot. Kubrick  commonly the theme of dehumanization because he was fascinated with the dark side of human nature and not because he thought all humans were basically evil.   Some prime examples of his trend are The Shining, and Full Metal Jacket.   These films explored dark side of the human psyche and the violent nature of human beings. The Shining is about a family that stays at a hotel during the off season to take care of the place.   Jack Nicholson plays the father, Jack.   Staying with Jack at the hotel is his wife and son.   Their son, Danny, has a special psychic abilities which he calls shining.  Ã‚  Jack eventually starts to go insane after spending a few months stuck inside a hotel with his family.   As the film progresses we see Jack continually break down mentally until he finally snaps and tries to kill his family.   The hotel where they stay is haunted and Jack begins to see things and people who arent supposed to be there.   These supernatural entities a re the ones that push Jack over the edge.  Ã‚  He was already disturbed before he saw any ghosts but it was the ghosts that influenced him to kill his family.   The isolation that Jack felt made him paranoid and he believed he had to kill his family because they  were trying to interfere with him and his job as the caretaker of the hotel.  Ã‚  One camera shot in particular displayed Jacks descent into madness.   It is the glare shot which is a common shot in Kubrick films which tend to show a characters emotional meltdown by showing a close up of the actor with their head tilted down slightly and their eyes looking up straight into the camera.   In the Shining, the glare shot occurs when Jack is staring out a window and viewing a snow covered ground.   The camera slowly zooms in on Jack who has demented look on his face. In the first half of Full Metal Jacket, the sergeant, played by R. Lee Ermey, is brutal to the trainees.  One trainee in particular gets the brunt of the drill sergeants punishments.   Nicked named Private Gomer Pyle, who is played by Vincent DOnofrio, is overweight and slow which makes him a target of the drill  instructor.   The whole point of the drill  instructor is to make the trainees capable of killing.  Ã‚  The drill instructor pushes Pyle so hard that Pyle begins to go insane and eventually he shoots the drill  instructor and then  puts the gun to his head.   The film shows how Private Pyle is systematically conditioned to become a killer.   He loses the innocence that he had before arrived at training camp  and becomes a psychotic killer who kills himself. The second half of the film jumps abruptly to Vietnam, following Joker played by Matthew Modinet. The film climaxes in a battle between Jokers platoon and a sniper hiding in the rubble, who is reveal ed to be a young girl. She almost kills Joker until his reporter partner shoots and severely injures her. Joker then kills her to put her out of her misery. This film was seen by some as a sad example of dehumanization in film. Many of Stanley Kubricks films were nominated for Academy Awards in various categories, including Best Picture for  Dr. Strangelove,  A Clockwork Orange, and  Barry Lyndon, and Best Director for  2001: A Space Odyssey,  Dr. Strangelove,  A Clockwork Orange, and  Barry Lyndon (seven overall nominations), and 2001: A Space Odyssey  received numerous technical awards. He would be the first director to use the now oft used Steadicam .He would endlessly researching his topics, and going on to produce documentary style films that were shockingly real and acknowledged by the people who were there, especially with Full Metal Jacket, in which Lee Armey a distinguished military veteran served as technical advisor. Kubrick was notorious for his attention to detail. Reportedly, when working on The Shining he would sometimes film a scene a hundred times. His desire for perfection lead to the delay of some films and others were never made. Like the Napoleon film or the delays in filming Full Metal Jacket. The only film that Kubrick didnt have full auteur control over was Spartacus Kubrick , Stanley Full Metal Jacket , 1987 , Warner Bros. Pictures à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. 2001 A Space Odyessey 1968, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The Shining, 1980, Warner Bros. Pictures à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ A Clockwork Orange, 1972 Warner Bros. Pictures à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Dr. Strangelove, 1965 Columbia Pictures à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. Barry Lyndon 1975, Warner Bros. Pictures Ronson, Jon Stanley Kubricks Boxes, 2008 , World of Wonder Pipolo, Tony. The Modernist the Misanthrope: The Cinema of Stanley Kubrick..  Cineaste  Spring 2002: 4-49. Patterson, David W.. American Music, Fall2004, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p444-474 Ronson, Jon. The Guardian Newspaper Saturday 27 March 2004 Perel, Zivah. Literature Film Quarterly, 2008, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p223-232 Galenson, David W.; Kotin, Joshua. Historical Methods, Winter2010, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p29-44

Strategies for Nation Building

Strategies for Nation Building CHAPTER THREE INTRODUCTION 2.1 Defining nation The term nation is hard to define. Therefore various scholars have come up with different definitions of the term nation. Karlsson (2009) sees a nation as a birthmark. A nation can be described as an idea searching for a reality which a minority often violently forced upon a majority with standardization as a goal and with an iron glove as an instrument to eradicate previous diversity. Nations are constructed and invented. Nation is defined as mobilizing ideology in force that is used to concientise the masses against any kind of oppression or resistance that might be seen as opposing feature. The order of precedence of the factors that characterize a nation has always been a subject to discussion ranging from mutual traditions and collective political awareness, common antecedents, affiliation to a tribe or people, joint territory, customs and language, culture and religion. The inhabitants of a country are a nation despite their different languages and cultures. Karl Proper, the philosopher, stated at the Second World War that â€Å"it has been said that a race is a collection of people who are united by their origin but by a common misconception about their antecedents†. Karlsson compares this to a nation as he states that a nation is a collection of people united by a common misconception about their history. Thus, nations are not eternally defined entities, but they are in fact created. Nationalism invents nations where they do not exist Anderson (1990), Smith (1990) and Ndlovu-Gatsheni (2007) are of the view that a nation is an imagined community where members share the same history and envision reality in the same way. It is synonymous with self determination for those who have the good fortune to live in a society which has its own history, language, culture and religion but it can also be xenophobic, intolerant, aggressive, hegemonic and authotarian, lacking the will and ability to allow others what the nation claims for. Renan (1882) was concerned in that nation affinity was not a question of race, religion place of birth, but instead was a matter of daily referendum. A nation is based on all individuals having something in common. A nation is a spiritual principle with its origins in the deep complexity of history, an intellectual family not only by sacrifices one has made and those that one is disposed to make again. It supposes a past; it renews itself particularly in the present by a tangible deed, the approval, the desire, clearly expressed to continue the daily life. The existence of a nation is a referendum. Nationalism can be defined as the process of identity making can be best understood in the words of Reicher and Hopkins. This understanding of nationalism is further amplified by a British Labor politician who likened nationalism to electricity that can be used for good and bad purposes. He continued that it can electrocute someone in the electric chair or it can heat and light the world adding that: â€Å"Nationalism can be exhilarating revolutionary force for progress but we only have to open our newspapers today to areas where nationalism becomes in the wrong hands. A primeval force of darkness and reaction†¦ I can say originally, we ought to utilize the potential revolutionary force of nationalism by our readership to ensure that the dark side does not emerge† Nationalism can be manipulated to serve one interests. Hence this nationalism can be hegemonies as the elites can influence nationalism for their own good and suppress the lower class in the process. 2.1 Defining nation building Nation building is a highly complex term that means different things to different people. Nation building is evolutionary as it takes time and is a social process that cannot be achieved from outside. The notion of nation is used in a different way. It can be used not to challenge the existing territorial and political order, but to create a sense of national unity for a given polity. This sort of work is often called nation b building. Zolberg (1967:461) notes that nation building takes predominance over all tasks including economic development. This implies that nation building involves the political development, social development and economical development in a nation. In the African context, Young (2004) noted how â€Å"innumerable rituals of state drummed the national idea into the public consciousness: national holidays, national anthems, and daily flag raising ceremonies at all administrative headquarters. In a dozen banal ways, the nation was subliminally communicated through its ubiquitous flag, its currency, its postage stamps, its identity cards.† Soon after independence African states created their national holidays, national anthems, changed their country names from colonial names and had their own currency. In way this helped to build nation as everything had to be nationalized to suit the African society. Nation building is whereby a society with diverse origins, cultures, histories, languages and religion come together within the boundaries of a sovereign state with a unified constitutional and legal dispensation, a national public education system an integrated national economy, shared symbols and values, as equals, to work towards eradicating the divisions and injustices of the past, to foster unity and promote a country wide consciousness of proudly Africans promoted to the country and open to the continent and the world. Nation building by www.usip.org is not just about the physical construction service provision or material wealth. It is also about using the country’s shared customs to prevent further escalation of conflict as well as upholding values, customs, traditional practices that can be enshrined in national identity. In other words, a nation is not the sum of material possessions. Rather people are the most important asserts that, they are the nation and how each citizen behaves becomes the reflection of nation’s characters. The best way for the nation to hold itself to its own standards is to teach the youngest citizens to remind everyone of whom they are as people. The following section will be looking at the processes of nation building with relation to print media. 3.2 Process of nation building 3.2.1 Sports Sport is an aspect of nation building. Riordan stresses that it is overt that sport in many societies is a serious business with serious functions to perform. It is accordingly, state controlled, encouraged and shaped by specific Unitarian and ideological designs. It is by no means a matter of fun and games. Riordan further points out that in Africa, Asia and Latin America, sports development is closely associated with hygiene, health, defence, patriotism, integration, productivity, international recognition, even cultural, identity and nation building. Sport therefore has a role of being an agent of social change with the state as the pilot. During the twentieth century nearly sixty new states have been established. Houlihan states that many of these new states were faced with the acute problem of establishing a sense of national identity. For former colonies it meant that they were the enemies of the newly independent nations. Maguire argues sport could form one of the significant arenas by which nations become more real. Particular sports came to symbolize the nation. The close bind of sport with national identification arenas by which nations become more real. Particular sports come to symbolize the nation. Sport can forge and reinforce community or national identities. It can foster also unity among societies. In particular attention to Zimbabwe, every year during the independence celebrations there is the uhuru cup whereby local soccer teams contest for the cup. Soccer is used to foster unity among a nation. In celebrating Independence Day, sports are used for entertainment and also fostering unity. With the regard to the use of sports for nation building, Houlihan points out that modern state want not only national unity and distinctiveness but also an international stage on which to project that identity utilizing an increasing common array of cultural symbols to demonstrate their individuality. In cases like Olympics when one individual is victorious in any of the games, the national anthem is sung and the flag is raised. Success in sports events and particularly by the hosting of sports events provides a benign and uncritical backdrop of the parade of national achievement (Dauncey and Hare 1993). They go on to point that the victory of France in the 1998, football World Cup save a great opportunity to demonstrate public services, values, successful French integration and traditional French values in the international arena.

The Short-term Significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis between the US

The event of the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was the closest the world has ever come to nuclear war. Fifteen years into the cold war, the two superpowers continued the fierce competition to increase their military strength. In 1962, the Soviet Union was desperately behind the United States in the nuclear arms race. Soviet missiles were only powerful enough to be launched against Europe, whereas the US missiles were capable of striking the entire Soviet Union. In late April 1962, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev conceived the idea of placing intermediate-range missiles in Cuba which would double the Soviet strategic arsenal and provide a real deterrent to a potential U.S. attack against the Soviet Union. The fate of millions literally hinged upon the ability of two men, President John F. Kennedy and Premier Nikita Khrushchev, to reach a compromise. The sources I have researched strongly agree that it was President Kennedy who was very determined to prevent the world from anot her war. They also show that the crisis was not just a conflict about missiles; it was a conflict of contradictory philosophies, ideologies and power. John F. Kennedy, the newly chosen American president, and the Soviet premier met in Vienna to discuss the east-west confrontation, in particular, the situation in Berlin over the Berlin Wall. They resolved nothing, and Khrushchev left the June 1961 summit thinking Kennedy was a weak president. This could have been the point where Khrushchev thought he could overcome Kennedy and, therefore, make his pathway towards gaining the world power. His first major task was, therefore, to bond with Fidel Castro. Cuban President Fidel Castro was looking for a way to defend his nation from an attack by the U.S. Eve... ... like the ones based in Cuba. Find in: Primary Sources 4. Tompson 1995, p. 248. 5. â€Å"Political Cartoon.† 1962. Google Images. This is a cartoon showing the struggle between Kennedy and Khrushchev. Find in: Primary sources 6. The Washington Post article â€Å"Soviets Knew Date of Cuba Attack†. Find in: Primary Sources 7. Letter: Khrushchev to Kennedy, 26 October 1962. Find in: Primary Sources 8. Letter: Khrushchev to Kennedy, 28 October 1962. Find in: Primary Sources 9. Letter: Kennedy to Khrushchev, 27 October 1962. Find in: Primary Sources 1. Tompson, William J. (1995), Khrushchev: A Political Life, St. Martin's Press, ISBN 0-312-12365-5 2. Kellner, Douglas (1989). Ernesto "Che" Guevara (World Leaders Past & Present). Chelsea House Publishers. pp. 112. ISBN 1555468357. 3. http://history.utah.gov/historical_society/history_fair/documents/2008CubanMissilepaper.pdf

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Groom :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Wedding Speech Delivered by the Groom I would like to start my speech today by thanking Richard for his kind words. I am really proud to have become Isia’s husband; ever since the day we met I have been treated as one of the family and this has made our Journey to this day that much smoother! Thank you both for your blessing I promise that I will make you proud and live up to the high expectations I am sure you have! Thank you for everything you have both done in making this day so special if it wasn’t for you I am sure I would still be saving. So far the day has been an amazing experience and I am sure it can only get better. I would also like to thank you on behalf of Isia for all the love and help you have given her over the years. I thank you for making Isia the most loving, caring, sweet and kind person I have ever met. I really am the luckiest man alive. Thanks to Mom and Dad: I would now like to thank my own mom and dad for all the love and support they have given me over the years. I am sure you are looking at me now and thinking what a brave boy? I am not really one for speeches especially in front of 80+ people. You have always been there for me and helped me though good times and bad especially in my younger days. If I have ever had a problem where did I go mom and dad of course. I couldn’t ask for two more loving people. I am very proud to have you here with Isia and I on our special day. I know that your love and support will continue for many years to come. Thanks to Isia: I now come to the most important person in my life, and that’s Isia my beautiful bride. I am so proud to say that you are my wife you really do look amazing. I am sure that you will all agree that she has done me proud. I wrote this before today so I never knew until now just how amazing you would look. Knowing you like I do I am sure you will now be getting rather embarrassed and possibly a little pink. But I am sorry I must go on. We first met at a new years eve party in 1999 we said hello and that was it.

Grade 8 Graduation Speech

Grade 8 Graduation Speech Hello, graduating class of 2012! Good evening and welcome to all the parents and families who have came to this graduation ceremony today. Our parents are the people who know us the best in the whole world, even if that seems hard to believe, it's true. They've helped us become the people we are today, and they've done a great job. After all, we wouldn’t be here without them. So, thank you, parents. Today, June, 26th, 2012, is the day that we, as a class, are going to graduate the eighth grade. Of course, we all know that. But do we really understand what it all means?The definition of graduation is to complete a class or course of study. That’s it, the original definition of graduating. To me, graduation means more than that. It means growing, it means changing, and it means moving on. Today, the ceremony might seem like it's all happening too fast, or, it might seem like it's never going to end, but all our lives we'll remember it, and that's what counts. My two years of middle school have been a time to remember, I’ve learned a lot during my time in middle school, and these memories are what we are going to remember for the rest of our lives. For me, it all started on the first week of September.All I saw was these big guys playing basketball and soccer and I was wondering whether or not I will be able to fit in. Everyone else was eagerly waiting for the first school bell to ring after like 3 months of summer while I was just standing there looking everywhere as if I was lost. Eventually, all of these started to change as I started to know people better. Thing was, they weren’t as furious or mean as I thought they might be. In the beginning of the school year, I used to nervously switch classes without actually knowing where to go, but now I am familiar with this school like all the others.I managed to develop many new skills and stuff during grade 7. Before I knew it, it was June, grade 7 ended, and to m y surprise, I'd survived my first year of school in Regent Heights. When we came back from a 3 month long summer, I knew what more teachers would expect from me. 8th grade began. We were the oldest, and the wisest. It was a completely different experience for me, with all the testing for specialised program registrations. It required you to know quite few stuff ahead of what you were being taught.After all of that, term 2 came to an end, and we all started setting goals to do well on the next term. Many activities were held during spring. And as usual, it came to an end. We grew as teams and as a grade, but more importantly as people—figuratively and literally. We became smarter, more confident, and of course, taller. Together, we listened as the guidance counsellors told us about the high school and together we looked over the seemingly endless lists of classes. We turned in our worn, wrinkled, class sheets nervously, but a couple months later, all our worries were gone.Toda y, we will graduate together, in a matter of minutes, leaving behind a school, a grade, our team, and some great, great teachers. Together we will enter the high school next fall, and in four years we’ll graduate again. Senior year will be just like this one, but the intensity will be higher. I’m excited to enter high-school, I’m pretty sure it will be fun. And, I'm sure that we can handle all of it: the teachers, the seniors, and of course, the homework. So, it's time for our graduation. Here, now, today, we're ready, even though we might not know it. Let's go, and let's make today a day that we'll remember forever.

Ame and Ame Zion Churches in African American History Essay

There are many questions that come to mind when looking at the significant roles denominationalism affects the Christian faith. We see this growing trend of doctrinal beliefs that cause for many of our African American Churches to worship separately on a weekly bases for Sunday Morning Worship Services and Mid-Week Bible Studies. Through the incorporation of doctrinal beliefs that govern our churches making for divisions within the Christian faith, we also find division and difference within that denomination also. I ask myself this question, how and why there are so many denominations founded and why are there so many sub-cultures or denominational split within them if we are the Body of Christ and one church? Through this paper I will take a look at two churches, the A.M.E. and A.M.E.Z. church to understand what makes them different while exploring the doctrinal beliefs that divide them. The Methodist Church was formed by a few students in England at Oxford University. Known as the Oxford Methodist, they were ridiculed for their beliefs in 1729. They were dubbed â€Å"Bible Bigots,† â€Å"Bible Moths,† and the â€Å"Holy Club.† Three major names are cited as influential members of this group; John and Charles Wesley and Greg Whitefield and where were methodically religious. This group felt that it was necessary to be justified before one could be sanction and that they should give close attention to live a life of holiness. The Methodist movement made its way to the American Colonies after being it was not able to remain within the Church of England. After an evangelistic team made up of many un-churched believers from within the Church of England, under the direction of Wesley, submitted a declaration. This document was penned by John Wesley as early as 1739, outlined general rules of governance with Bible rules and conduct that is still held today by the modern Methodist Church. In 1784 a Deed of Declaration was submitted, giving its ‘legal status’ to the yearly Methodist conference. In this brief historical overview of the Methodist Church as a whole, we see how small divisions within any church organization can form. In this case it was out of a team of evangelist who were not welcomed by the Church of England. The winds of change continued to blow within the Methodist Church movement. The emergence of the African Americans willing to worship the Methodist banner more trials ensued as we see a difference of human rights and equality raising its head. After the formation of the Methodist Church in the United States we see a set of worshipers from within the vast population of slaves in the south. The First Great Awakening in the 1740s led by John Wesley, records in his journal that be baptized two Black converts on November 29, 1758. This Methodist society organized in Maryland in 1764 then later in New York in 1776, both charters included African Americans in great number on their church rosters. As American history notes, the horrible experience of slavery and unjust treatment servant worker who were owned by Whites made for great indifference in this country and likewise within the walls of the Methodist Church. There was a Second Great Awakening that came at the turn of the century in 1800. The Methodist church had a strong following by both freed and not yet freed slaves. They church spoken in opposition to slavery, then late somewhat retreated as a force of the opposition to slavery. As the Slave Rebellions grew constant Gabriel Prosser was constrained to admonish his fellowship to â€Å"spare the Methodist and the Quakers.† Out of this we see the Methodist movement take actions in Virginia where Richard Allen felt the need to withdraw from fellowship with the white Methodists of Philadelphia. Richard Allen and the A.M.E. Church, (African Methodist Church) in 1787 led other black worshipers’ withdrawal from St. George’s Methodist Episcopal Church in Philadelphia after being pulled from their knees is worship in an area that they did not know way off limited to black worshipers. This event led to protest and according to Allan, â€Å"†¦All went out of the church in a body.† â€Å"†¦and they were more plagued with [us] in the church.†

Patriarchy Essay

Societies around the globe have a traditional set of protocol as to who is supposed to the head of family, clan, or even a bigger societal group than these ones. Among the African societies, the man is a de facto head of the family and the larger society, and the woman just serves the role of subordinating him. This is a true reflection of the early religious societies, for example the Israelites and the Muslims of the eastern societies, which recognized the fact that the work of the prophets belonged to the males and that women were no longer to appear as public leaders or role holders. In Western Europe and indeed much of the continent this was the case before the middle ages and in the renaissance period. This defined societal leadership of the early days was referred to as the patriarchy, and the family heads themselves as the patriarchs. Now, according to the Webster’s new collegiate dictionary, patriarchy is a social organization marked by the supremacy of the father in the clan or family, the legal dependence of wife and children, and the reckoning of descent and inheritance in the male line (Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, 1977). With time, given the rapid changes the society was going through, especially in Western Europe the principles and the core values of patriarchy began to be faced out. In Britain where the process was sudden, patriarchy suffered its biggest blows in the period between late 17th century to late 18th century (precisely 1689-1789). This process that brought in all these changes was described as the reconfiguration- the change in the roles of men and women. We are going to discuss the effect of this process on the society during the century stated above. The reconfiguration of patriarchy in Britain. (1689-1789). During the early times, the British society just like any other society of ancient times was composed of large families, and included members from across relations. However, desire for privacy and compatibility began growing. Couples who intended to marry desired not only the formal romantic love but also an overhaul change in the relationship once married. The changes following these developments resulted into smaller family sizes. The married couple could now spend a lot of time together, in addition to developing common interests and pastimes. Furthermore, these developments meant that personal live of this married couples changed, with houses built to develop privacy from children, house servants and guests. Rooms were set aside for specific purposes and were partitioned by hallways from one another. Couples were now spending more together and had more time for themselves, this coming as a result of limited family sizes. The bearing of few children had an advantage for women because maternity deaths reduced, also reduction of disablements at child birth that were common in the early times and above all women had an added time to pursue domestic chores. Although attempts of birth were not successfully (because birth control methods of this time- withdrawal and coitus interruptus- are not reliable) families managed to succeed in the child spacing. There was the idea of commercialization of childhood. A child born of a family in ancient Britain had to undergo a torturous procedure that was referred to as wet nursing. Therefore the child had to spend most of the time away from the mother. By mid 17th century children were receiving a lot of attention from their parents. A family expecting a child had to purchase all the toys necessary for the comfort of a child. Books full of pictures (and also helpful to the parents) to entice the child were bought. It was emerging that mothers wanted to nurse their children themselves by obviously breast feeding and also figuratively teach them in the process. This new found relationship between women and their children meant that children would now become companions to the outings involving visits to the museums and comp sites that were also emerging with a lot of speed. Another development coming in the 18th century was the emergence of bourgeois as a culture. This culture worked on the idea that home life was the fulfillment of an individual lifestyle, and included more spending on leisure pursuits and literary programs. Unfortunately, this privileges associated with this culture could not be associated with every member of the society. For example, working women could not afford the cost of instructional materials for their children or even the time to use these materials. In response to these some women employed wet nurses, an irony for this age. This group of women enjoyed little privacy in their places residence because they still had to consent living with large families in single rooms. House wives were still being beaten by their husbands and children too suffered beatings in the hands of their fathers. Consequently, by late 18th century two distinct family classes were emerging- one based on companion marriage and the other o patriarchal dominance of husbands. In the eighteenth century a rigorous transformation in family life was underway, one that bourgeoisie shared with the nobility: the celebration of domesticity. The image and indeed reality was that of the happy home life, where love was the bond between husband and wife and between parents and children, and both men and women came to dominate both the literary and visual arts. Only those who were wealthy enough to afford to dispense with women’s work could partake of the new domesticity, and only those who had been touched by enlightment ideas could attempt to make the change. Indeed where it occurred, the transformation in the nature of family life was one of the most profound alterations in the eighteenth century. Consequently; the most important step that had an impact towards transformation of family structure was in the centering of the conjugal family in the home. Conclusion:Â  We have seen that eighteenth century Britain was a society of orders that was transforming itself into a society of classes. That is to say that official ranks such as noble and commoner were giving way to ranking by wealth or poverty. The rise of science and enlightment ideas highlighted the contradictions. Enlightment ideas looked to the future, to a new world that was ruled fairly to the benefit of all human beings, male and female alike. Authority, society and the individual had the chance to improve but if the odds and the rubble of the past was forgotten.

Computer user freedom Essay

1) Users have the freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software. The freedoms to run the program as you wish, for any purpose. The freedoms to study how the program works and change it so it does your computing as you wish. Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor. https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html 4) A nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer user freedom and to defend the rights of all free software users. Linux is an open-source operating system modeled on UNIX. GNU developed many of the tools, including the C compilers that are part of the Linux operating system. Linux is the name of the operating system kernel developed by Linus Torvalds, which has since been expanded and improved by thousands of people on the Internet. http://www.sobell.com/CMDREF1/answers/01.answers.even.cmdref.i.pdf Chap.2 pg.50 1) Installing Fedora/RHEL is the process of copying operating system files from a CD, DVD, or USB flash drive to hard disk(s) on a system and setting up configuration files so Linux runs properly on the hardware. Several types of installations are possible, including fresh installations, upgrades from older releases of Fedora/RHEL, and dual-boot installations. Chap.3 Pg.86 1) A live system gives you a chance to preview Fedora without installing it. It does not write to hard disks. 4) Put /boot at the beginning of the drive (partition 1) so that there is no issue of Linux having to boot from a partition too far into the drive. 8) When the system enters runlevel 5. http://www.sobell.com/RH4/answers/03.install.main.ans.even.RH4.pdf Chap.11 Pg.498 1) When a system is in single-user mode, you can log in only at the console. Not all of the file systems are mounted, and many daemons are not running. With the system in multiuser mode you can log in at any terminal or workstation that is set up for login, most or all of the file systems are mounted, and all of the daemons that your system is set up to run are  running. 3) The letters stand for substitute user. You can give yourself privileges of any user whose password you know (or any user when you are running as root). You can also execute a command (other than a shell) as the specified user. To log in as Alex, you would first log in as root, and then give the command su alex, or su – alex to establish the same environment that Alex has when he logs in. 7) Use Uppercase and lowercase characters, along with numbers and special characters, and your password should be at least 8 characters long. http://www.sobell.com/RHLINUX1/answers/Chapter_17.ans.pdf

Hitler and the crime against humanity Research Paper

Hitler and the crime against humanity - Research Paper Example Crimes against humanity are described as offenses that are abhorrent in nature, which affects the dignity of a human being. It is grave humiliation or degradation of one or more human beings at the same time. Such events are either part of some government policy or they might be a wide practice of atrocities tolerated or ignored by the government. However, these are not isolated or sporadic events. If acts such as murder, extermination, torture, rape, political, racial or religious persecution are a part of widespread practice, then only they are considered as the crimes against humanity.In other words, crimes against humanity are attacks, which are widespread and systematic on the civilian population, irrespective of the fact whether people are nationals or non-nationals. In addition, irrespective of the fact whether the crimes are committed in times of peace or war. These crimes are such, which are against the humanity, and such that they violate the human values and rights. Accord ing the international law ‘war crimes’ and ‘genocide’ fall in the same category as ‘crimes against humanity’ (Holocaust, genocide and crimes against humanity, pp 7-8). A systematic, state sponsored, persecution and slaughter of round about 6 million Jews and many other ethnic, secular and religious groups by the Nazi regime under Adolf Hitler is popularly known as the Holocaust.Among the six million Jews, two-thirds of the total European Jewish population and two-fifths of the Jews in the entire world were slaughtered. Among the other nationalities which suffered under the holocaust, there were the Poles, Czechs, Greeks, Gypsies, Serbs, Ukrainians, Russians, homosexuals, mentally and physically challenged, trade unionists, prisoners of war, Jehovah witnesses and many others. It was because of the perceived racial inferiority that most of the people suffered. Adolf Hitler Germany was ruled by Adolf Hitler from 1933-1945. He governed as a dictato r. In 1939, Germany was turned into a powerful machine by Adolf Hitler and started World War II. In 1945 before he was defeated, he conquered most of the Europe Death was spread by Hitler as it was never spread by anyone.’ Close your eyes to pity, Act brutally!’ is what he told his soldiers. People who went against him were ordered to be executed or thrown into prison. If his orders were even resisted by one person, an entire family or at times hundreds of people of a town would be shot dead by his troops. Hitler had something against the Jews. He hated the Jewish people and he ordered them wiped out in countries that he controlled. There were numerous concentration camps set by the Hitler in which 6 million Jews and millions of other people were murdered. Before being murdered, many of these victims were tortured or starved to death. Many even died due to various diseases. Hitler wanted to be a priest when he was a young boy and he sang in a church choir. He hated Chr istianity as an adult and he believed that it was a religion for weaklings. Adolf Hitler started to get power and rise in power in 1919. This was in the year, when there was an end to World War 1. In the war, the old German Empire had been defeated. This led the economy of the country to lie in ruins. A small group of men had organized the National Socialist German Workers’ Party of whom Hitler became the leader. The members of the party were known as the Nazis. Hitler infiltrated a ray of hope among his followers that he can win back Germany’s past glory. He promised that he would rebuild Germany into an empire, which would be mighty and would last a thousand years. Hitler threatened to wage a war and lied to gain territory of Europe after he became the dictator of Germany. Leaders of countries such as the Great Britain, France and others tried to prevent the war. They did this so that Hitler can have his way at first. When Hitler’s hunger for power increased t hese countries joined to fight him. Hitler was famously known to be

Assignmnet 4 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignmnet 4 - Research Paper Example Regular Sponsorships permit the publicist to â€Å"rent† a part of the page to show their brand, a message or a promotion. Content support permits the advertiser to submit the content they might wish to show on the page, and after analysis this content is displayed. This offers the publicist slightly less management within the message they require to advertise however, on the opposite hand it would be more practical in guaranteeing content integration between the page and also the advertiser’s message. The objective of advertising is to persuade the people on the existence of the company’s products; this will increase demand for the existing products. The other objective is to remind customers about the existing products. The strategy will also use radio and television technique to this will help to capture a large population since radio, televisions usually capture a large population and are accessible to everyone. Television advertising within the U.S. and in different countries involves 2 main tasks: One is making a TV advert that meets broadcast standards, and then Inserting the advert on TV through a targeted air time media that reaches the required client. The pre-testing analysis technique will be used to test the effectiveness of promotion strategies used. Pre-testing permits a companys promoting department to work out the effectiveness of a promotional strategy. The corporate might favour to use simulation as a pre-testing technique to check client appeal, client awareness, repeat purchases and also the sense worth. By using the pre-testing technique, a corporation will compare its results against a previous promotional techniques outcome and do away with promotional techniques that are unsuccessful. Concurrent testing of a promotional technique is applied whereas marketing is ongoing, allowing the sales manager to change the technique as required. The assessment relies on weekly or monthly sales knowledge.

ART AND EXPERIENCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

ART AND EXPERIENCE - Essay Example Each of these produced a different approach to the expression used and allowed the cartoons to remain at the forefront of expressing and questioning the movements which were occurring during this time frame. Background of Caricatures and Cartoons The 18th and 19th centuries differed with caricatures and cartoons because of their main purpose. In contemporary drawings, there is a focus on the publisher, with the cartoons published in magazines and newspapers. The expression was then based on short term ideologies and statements about a given issue. However, the cartoons which were provided before the 20th century were based on long term applications and were typically used with as a form of artistic expression to be shown in galleries, cafes and other areas. The concept of not dividing the cartoons and caricatures from the everyday artistic expressions created a valuable aspect to the cartoon and what is represented. More important, the subject matters and statements were created to r emain relevant throughout time and to have thematic material which was applicable to culture, history and the way in which current events related to this1. The concept of the cartoon as one which was relevant to the time frame and which was also depicted as art then led to a distinction between the genre of art which it represented. Instead of creating the ideology that the artistic work was a cartoon or caricature, many considered the technique as one which expressed a form of satire. The satire was based on the current system while creating an expression which was both realistic and which couldn’t hold the belief of remaining real. The image and brand which was used with the technique was able to create this dichotomy specifically by showing that there was an unrealistic aspect to the political, social and cultural ideologies which many had, even though it was an event which had occurred. The dichotomy which was created and which presented the aspect of a satirical piece of work then led to specific expressions and definitions within the art presented2. Political Revolution and Cartoons The first component which was seen with the cartoons and satires which were presented were based on the French and British revolutions which occurred during the time. These particular components of history were based on the rebellion of the peasants and commoners to gain rights within the lands and to have more abilities with the nobles that were in the region. When this occurred, there were several uprisings and political powers which resisted the change. The result was sets of battles and warfare as well as arrests which occurred with the revolutions to try to maintain and change what had occurred with those who had gone through the desire to change. At the same time, there was a sense of trying to keep the lower classes oppressed while allowing the nobility and those with a higher economic and social status to remain ahead of those in society. The rebellion which oc curred was based specifically on these divisions and the way in which they built into the several revolutions of the time.3 There are several examples of the uprising as well as the rebellion which took place and the satirical events which were associated with this. Figure 1 is a representative of the cartoons and satires which were based on the revolution. Figure 1: Reveil de Tiers Etat When looking at this specific piece, it can be

Impact of Positive Airway Pressure Among Obstructive Sleep Apnea Essay

Impact of Positive Airway Pressure Among Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients - Essay Example This amounted to a study population of 15,424 individuals, who were then followed for a minimum of 12 months and a baseline of 24 months to determine what if any health impact PAP might have been having on treatment. Of those participants, approximately ten percent did not use PAP while the remaining 90% did. Furthermore, the study designers controlled for previous illness by eliminating anyone who had a previous diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, to ensure that these results did not bias the sample. The study measured health effects by measuring the rates of hospitalization among those using PAP to those who were not. They measured this using two different metrics: total hospitalization and hospitalization related to OSA. OSA is associated with a wide number of illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, heart failure, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, so any hospitalization for these reasons (which obviously constitute a large number of total hospitalizations) would be considered OSA related hospitalizations (1). The study found a statistically significant (p

Marketing paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing paper - Essay Example Timex generally targets the younger generation and kids (Hindustan Studies and Service Limited â€Å"Marketing Management†). For example, Timex targeted the active lifestyle with Ironman and Triathlon (Mechanical Science and Engineering, â€Å"Ways of Segmenting Market). Timex Group in their brand portfolio strategy provides their offerings to diverse consumer segments from ‘mass premium to luxury’ and also provides their watches to varied psychographic segments (Timex Group India Ltd, â€Å"Press Releases†). On the other hand, psychographic and demographic profiles of target market of Rolex consist of higher income group consumers who buy the product for status and dignity. The consumers of Rolex are basically the well-off segment of the society (American Management Association, â€Å"Two Examples†). 2.0 Four P’s Marketing of Timex and Rolex in their Websites Objective of Their Website Marketing Strategy The primary objective of website mark eting of Timex is to leverage the brand in order to increase traffic and revenue that comes from its website. The company had put into operation Adobe SearchCenter + along with Adobe SiteCatalyst to boost its performance of website which result in a 35% development in sales conversion and a $5 rise in average order size. Website is utilized to engage customers and make extra sales revenue. It helps customers to purchase difficult-to-find lines or products sold in other countries. Through its online presence, Timex.com planned to provide customers with complete product information and facilitate them to find the nearest retail outlet, in addition to view and purchase products. In order to reach the objectives, the company decided to find out various ways to enhance traffic to its website and keep consumers engaged on the site for longer period of time, with the definitive goals of lessening abandonment and growing conversions (Timex, â€Å"Challenge†). Similarly, Rolex also de veloped the objectives to make online promotion of its products in order to make people aware of it in the market. The customers can update themselves from the latest available products in the market. They can also purchase the product online as well as acquire the idea of nearest specialty stores from which they can make the purchase (Rolex, â€Å"About Rolex†). Use of Prices Differently in Each Company Timex generally sells comparatively inexpensive watch that focuses on the mass market and on the other hand, the Rolex watches are general highly expensive as they provide importance to quality image of the product (American Management Association. â€Å"Two Examples†). Price Range for Each Brand The brand of Timex are GC= $100(approx); Guess = $30-$117; Marc Ecko = $95-$158; Nautica = $149-$210; Opex = $63-$112; Salvatore Ferragamo= $130-$2170; Timex= $49.95-$109.95; TX = $375 - $725 Valentino Timeless = $1,000 - $15,000; Versace = $1,975 - $4,975 (Timex Group,  "Explore Our Brands†). The brand of Rolex are Datejust = $229, Day Date = $360, Daytona = $229, Submariner = $249 (Watch-Watches.Net, â€Å"Watch Watches†). The price range of Rolex is $200 to $10000 (Scribd, â€Å"Rolex†). Promotion of Products of Companies beyond Their Website Timex promotes its product by distributing it through retail stores and advertises in TV and magazines as well (Smith & Strand, â€Å"

Court Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Court Decision - Essay Example Therefore, just like his wife, Joseph was supposed to readily relinquish his parental rights because he had failed to meet the legal requirements of a parent. As a father, he was not expected to spend such a long period of time without getting in close contact with his biological daughter. By failing to do this, he was demonstrating his abandonment for Annette. Despite the prevailing conditions, he would have tried as much as he could to look for Annette wherever she had been taken by her mother. As a man, he was to take all the necessary measures to ensure that he traces his daughter and get acquainted with her whereabouts. Further more, he was the biological parent to Annette. Meaning, he had a lot of parental duties to perform to her. Hence, by claiming that he had tried, he was not proving any point. In this regard, it is my considered opinion that, based on the ruling, the decision of the court would remain the same even if Annette’s foster parents were not interested in adopting her. Since the Orange County Department of Social Services (DSS) became a party to this case, Joseph has never been anywhere to be reached. Therefore, it is obvious that he had failed to visit and communicate to his daughter although he was in a better position of doing so (Robertson, 2013). As the constitution clearly stipulates, a parent can be declared to have abandoned a child when they fail to communicate and be in a close contact with a child for a period of six months prior to the time in which the case was filed in the Family Court to be decided upon. Definitely, the determination of such a case should be primarily considering the interests of the child. Before making any decision regarding the termination of parental rights, the court should ensure that it acts in the best interests of the child. The court decision should consider

Designing a course in technology-Enhanced learning for Adult learners Essay

Designing a course in technology-Enhanced learning for Adult learners - Essay Example This paper aims to present a discussion that revolves around principles of learning design. The focus is to design a unit assessment plan that will educate 65 year old adults on prevention, treatment, and management of foot related complications. Some of the skills that the unit assessment aims to establish among the older population include synthesis of instruction, exploration skills, designing skills, collaboration, and reflection skills. Technological transformations have prompted the majority of educators to adopt newer and advanced forms of newer technology in teaching. Teachers in institutions of higher learning have opted for the use of e-mails, PowerPoint presentations, education applications, and design Web sites to pass knowledge and information to learners (Caulfield, 2011). The mode of connecting teaching to learning has formed the center of current debate, with critics questioning the validity of the relationship. This is because they have argued that such learning techniques are vulnerable to losing their validity with changes in technology. On the other hand, proponents have highly held the phenomenon, citing their value in expanding the learning and teaching experience. Rogers (2003) maintains that the application of skills in learning and teaching is crucial, as it determines the effectiveness of the teaching and learning experiences. When a new technology emerges, there are various levels that educators should undergo in their endeavors to fully adopt any technological model of teaching (Rogers, 2003). However, recent research has revealed that some learning sessions have not fully benefited from the advantages of employing technological based teaching and learning experiences. This is because of the different degrees of adaptation by teachers. Analysts have argued that educators should follow the right procedure in their quest to make some technology based models of teaching part of their professional initiative. Some of the

International competition and risk management of Ultra Electronics Essay

International competition and risk management of Ultra Electronics Holdings - Essay Example To a large extent therefore, a company that wants to compete effectively must be in a position to identify what customer needs are, how other competitors are meeting up with these needs, and devising strategies to counteract the provisions being made by their competitors. This way, we say a competitive advantage has been created (David & Desheng, 2008). But what is more interesting is the fact that as companies try to create competitive urge over their competitors, a not too pleasant situation with risk sets in, creating the need to management the risks alongside the creation of competitive advantage. In this paper therefore, how Debenhams Plc undertakes international competition and manage risk are critically discussed. Company description Listed on the London Stock Exchange and a member of the FTSE 250 Index, the eighteenth century founded Debenhams plc now has over 172 locations across the UK, Denmark and Ireland (Fredriksson and Patrik, 2009). The company operates mainly as a ret ail chain with a departmental store outlook in the United Kingdom. There are also a number of area monopoly stores in other countries, making Debenhams a trading international company faced with the task and need to engage in international competition. Stores in UK, Ireland and Denmark serve as the major market segments for the company. Some of its international franchise however includes 68 stores that are operated under license in as any as 25 countries. This means that for each of the countries, the company establishes its market presence firmly there by having 2 to 3 operating stores (Biasi, 2011). in the next 5 years, the company has plans of increasing its international franchise stores to 150 so that it can be a more vibrant competitor and have an increased market share as it currently lags behind some key competitors whose major competitive advantage is in their market visibility (Chapman, 1996). Debenhams plc is mainly engaged in the departmental stores industry, trading in products such as shoes, accessories, fashion clothing, cosmetics, electrical, gifts, home furniture, electronics, and toys. With an employee strength of 29,000 as of the close of 2012, the managed to raise revenue of ?2,229.8 million in the same year period, out of which ?125.3 million was their net income with operating income of ?158.3 million (Biasi, 2011). Latest market reports indicated an average of 0.45% growth rate over the last 6 months, but not being strong enough to equal market share growth rate for the same period last year (Davis, Eppen and Mattsson, 2004). For example, as of November 2013, the company’s price in GBX was 93.40 with 1.72m shares traded representing a beta of 1.5. This value is however a declining growth for the company as the share traded in 1 year represents a change of as many as 20.10%. As a departmental store, the company is not directly involved in manufacturing but in retailing. To this end, it does not deal with suppliers who are directly into raw materials but engages in outsourcing of finished products in the areas of products that it trades in as has been stated above. Financial Performance Profitability Performance Financially, the performance of the company over the past five years can be said to have been a mixed one. This is because there has often been rises in revenue and growth at some point in time, and at other times, falls in revenue and g

2013 to 2017 - China Market Soft Drink Manufacturing Research Report Essay Example for Free

2013 to 2017 China Market Soft Drink Manufacturing Research Report Essay In China, soft drinks refer to those natural or artificial beverages with the alcohol content less than 0. 5% in the total volume. Small amount of alcohol may be contained in a soft drink, but such alcohol is the ethyl alcohol which is used in dissolving essences, flavorings and pigments, or the by-products of lactic acid beverages. With the rapid increase in Chinese peoples living standard and consumption capability, soft drink industry has entered the rapid growth era. Since soft drink products enjoy great popularity in China, the market demand is huge. Currently, there are various types of soft drinks sold in the market with many strong competitors. In 2012, the total output volume of China soft drinks is 130. 2401 million tons, increasing by 10. 73% YOY. From 2000 to 2012, the output volume of China soft drink industry increased by 7 times, with a CAGR of 20. 7%, which is far higher than the growth rate of GDP, presenting a well development competence. When the output volume increases, the varieties of China soft drinks also increase to provide more options for consumers. See more:Â  Masters of Satire: John Dryden and Jonathan Swift Essay Among all varieties of soft drinks, carbonated beverages take up the largest proportion of China soft drink industry, while the proportion of natural mineral water in soft drink industry increases continuously. At present, carbonated beverages, bottled drinking water, fruit and vegetable drinks and tea drinks have become the four major categories of soft drinks in China. In 2012, the output volume of carbonated beverages was 13. 1129 million tons, decreasing by 18. 38% YOY. The output volume of fruit juices and vegetable juices was 22. 2917 million tons, increasing by 16. 09%. The output volume of bottled drinking water amounted to 55. 6278 million tons, up by 16. 16% YOY. And the output volume of other drinks reached 39. 2077 million tons, increasing by 13. 76% YOY. China soft drink market can be divided into several major market segments, including carbonated beverages, fruit and vegetable beverages, bottled drinking water, tea drinks, protein beverages and other drinks. For a long period, bottled drinking water and carbonated beverages have accounted for the largest proportion of the market, followed by protein beverages and fruit and vegetable beverages. Tea drinks have also increased their market share and created a huge consumption market. However, with the development of social economy, the improvement of peoples living standard and the formulation of healthy consumption concept, the competition structure of soft drink market will encounter a great change. Influenced by the emerging healthy consumption concept, it can be predicted that the proportion of carbonated beverages in the market will decline, while healthy beverages, such as tea drinks, protein beverages and fruit and vegetable juices, will become the mainstream of the market in the near future. However, consumers of carbonated beverages are mainly between 16 and 25 years old, mainly teenagers. They worship fashion instead of nutrition. Since such young consumer group is unlikely to diminish, there is a huge market demand for carbonated beverages. Therefore, it will take a long-term process to lower the carbonated beverage market. In recent years, functional drinks have become the highlight in China soft drink market. It indicates that China functional drink market has been established after a period of market development. At present, China functional drinks mainly include sport drinks (with Mizone and Gatorade as representatives), energy drinks (with Red Bull and Lipovitan as representatives), and vegetable protein drinks (with Jiaduobao and Wong Lo Kat as representatives). There is a huge market potential for China functional drinks. As a sun-rising industry in China, soft drink industry enjoys consumption per capita much lower than that of developed countries. Rural residents spend much less on soft drinks. Based on the huge domestic market, there is an enormous development space for China soft drink industry. With high degree of marketization, China soft drink industry has attracted many international drink magnates to establish their businesses in China, which will result in fierce market competition. Besides, confronted with the new situation, the competition of China soft drink industry has been transferred from product competition to industry chain competition. In this sense, the marketing model of soft drink enterprises has also been transferred from brand operation into channel model and structure and channel management. Channel resources, especially terminal resources have become the focus of competition. It is estimated by CRI that the output volume of China soft drinks will maintain a growth rate of over 8%, which will be higher than that of GDP. Through this report, the readers can acquire the following information: Supply and Demand Status of China Soft Drink Industry Operation Status of Sub-industries of China Soft Drink Industry Competition Status of China Soft Drink Industry Major Soft Drink Manufacturing Enterprises in China Influencing Factors and Development Trend of Soft Drink Industry Investment and Development Recommendations for Soft Drink Industry The Following Enterprises and People are proposed to purchase this report: Soft Drink Manufacturing Enterprises Upstream Soft Drink Enterprises, Such as Essence Manufacturing Enterprises, Pigment Manufacturing Enterprises, and Enterprises in Charge of Packing Soft Drink Distributing Enterprises Investors and Research Institutes Concerned About Soft Drink Industry Complete Report @ http://www. chinamarketresearchreports. com/102526. html Buy Report @ http://www. chinamarketresearchreports. com/contacts/purchase. php? name=102526 Table Of Content 1 Overview on China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry, 2012 1. 1 Definition and Category 1. 1. 1 Definition 1. 1. 2 Industry Chain of Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry 1. 2 Major Products 1. 3 Role of Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry in China Economy 2 Development Environment of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry, 2012-2013 2. 1 Economic Environment 2. 1. 1 China Economy 2. 1. 2 Global Economy 2. 2 Policy Environment 2. 1. 1 Analysis on Policies 2. 1. 2 Policy Trend 3 Operation Status of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry, 2008-2012 3. 1 Current Status 3. 1. 1 Total Output Value 3. 1. 2 Output Volume 3. 1. 3 Fixed Asset Investment 3. 1. 4 Industry Scale 3. 1. 5 Operation Status 3. 1. 6 Financial Index 3. 2 Regional Distribution 3. 2. 1 Scale Distribution 3. 2. 2 Profit Distribution 3. 2. 3 Guangdong 3. 2. 4 Henan 3. 2. 5 Jiangsu 3. 2. 6 Zhejiang 3. 2. 7 Shandong 4 Competition Status of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry, 2012 4. 1 Barriers to Entry and Exit 4. 2 Competition Structure 4. 2. 1 Bargain Ability of Upstream Suppliers 4. 2. 2 Competition Among Existing Enterprises 4. 2. 3 Bargain Ability of Downstream Clients 4. 2. 4 Threats of New Entrants 4. 2. 5 Threats of Substitutes 4. 3 Development Features 4. 3. 1 Mergers and Acquisitions by Foreign Capital 4. 3. 2 Preference for Brand Consumption 4. 3. 3 Product Competition Transferring to Industrial Chain Competition 4. 3. 4 Rich Product Varieties 4. 5 Operation Models 4. 5. 1 Business Model 4. 5. 2 Profit Mode 5 Industry Chain of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry, 2012-2013 5. 1 Upstream Industries 5. 1. 1 Fruit Industry 5. 1. 2 Vegetable Industry 5. 1. 3 Sugar Industry 5. 1. 4 Package Industry 5. 1. 5 Influences of Upstream Industries on Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry 5. 2 Downstream 5. 2. 1 Resident Incomes 5. 2. 2 Resident Consumption Expenditures 5. 2. 3 Influences of Downstream Industries on Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry 6 Sub-industries of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry, 2008-2017 6. 1 Carbonated Beverage Industry 6. 1. 1 Operation Status 6. 1. 2 Regional Distribution 6. 1. 3 Development Trend 6. 2 Bottled Drinking Water Industry 6. 2. 1 Operation Status 6. 2. 2 Regional Distribution 6. 2. 3 Development Trend 6. 3 Fruit Vegetable Juice Industry and Fruit Vegetable Drink Industry 6. 3. 1 Industry Overview 6. 3. 2 Regional Distribution 6. 3. 3 Development Trend 6. 4 Milk Beverage Industry and Vegetable Protein Drink Industry 6. 5 Solid Drink Industry 6. 6 Tea Drink Industry and Other Soft Drink Industry 7 Major Soft Drink Manufacturing Enterprises in China, 2012 7. 1 Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co. , Ltd. 7. 2 Master Kong Drink Holdings Co. , Ltd. 7. 3 VV Group Co. , Ltd. 7. 4 Uni-president (China) Investment Co. , Ltd. 7. 5 Coca-Cola Bottle Manufacturing (Dongguan) Co. , Ltd. 7. 6 Xiamen Yinlu Foods Co. , Ltd. 7. 7 Red Bull Vitamin Drink Co. , Ltd. 7. 8 Jiangxi Runtian Beverage Co. , Ltd. 7. 9 Nongfu Spring Co. , Ltd. 7. 10 Beijing Huiyuan Food and Beverage Group Co. , Ltd. 7. 11 Coconut Palm Group Co. , Ltd. 7. 12 Jiaduobao Group 8 Forecasts on Investment and Development of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry, 2013-2017 8. 1 Influencing Factors on Development 8. 1. 1 China economy 8. 1. 2 Governmental Policy 8. 2 Forecast on Market Supply and Demand 8. 2. 1 Forecast on Supply 8. 2. 2 Forecast on Demand 8. 3 Forecast on Product Development Trend 8. 3. 1 Market Trend of Healthy Drinks 8. 3. 2 Compound Drinks 8. 3. 3 Functional Drinks 8. 4 Recommendations on Investment and Development 8. 4. 1 Investment Opportunities in Sub-industries 8. 4. 2 Regional Investment Opportunities List Of Charts Chart Category of Sub-industries of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry Chart Analysis on Major Products of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry Chart Related Policies of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry, 2012 Chart Total Output Value of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry, 2008-2012 Chart Total Output Volume of China Soft Drinks, 2008-2012. Chart Number of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Enterprises, 2008-2012 Chart Total Assets of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry, 2008-2012 Chart Scale of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry by Region Chart Analysis on Profits of China Soft Drink Manufacturing Industry by Region Chart Total Output Value of China Carbonated Beverage Industry, 2008-2012 Chart Output Volume of China Carbonated Beverages, 2008-2012 Chart Sales Revenue of China Tea Drinks and Other Soft Drink Manufacturing Industries, 2008-2012 Chart Forecast on China Soft Drink Output Volume, 2013-2017 Chart Forecast on China Soft Drink Sales Revenue, 2013-2017. Complete Report @ http://www. chinamarketresearchreports. com/102526. html Buy Report @ http://www. chinamarketresearchreports. com/contacts/purchase. php? name=102526