Cebu Pacific Air

History – In late August, 1988, Cebu Air was established in Pasay City, Metro Manila, the Philippines, but it only started operations almost 8 years later, in early March, 1996. – In February 1998, Cebu Pacific Air was grounded by the government, but continued its services next month, after the re-certification of its aircraft. – In late November, 2001, Cebu Pacific Air started operating international flights with a twice-daily service to Hong-Kong. – On the 1st of March, 2002, Cebu Pacific Air introduced thrice-weekly flights to Seoul. In the following years, Cebu Pacific Air continued to introduce new routes and increase flight frequency for some of the existing ones. – In late May, 2008, Cebu Pacific was named as the world's number one airline in terms of growth, ranking fifth in Asia for Budget Airline passengers transported and 23rd in the world. – On July 22, 2008, Cebu Pacific became the first airline to use the new Terminal 3 of the N inoy Aquino International Airport and the first airline to operate international commercial flights from the new terminal. In August, 2009, Cebu Pacific opened its Twitter account, being the first airline in the Philippines to use social media. – The only fatal accident in the history of Cebu Pacific took place on the 2nd day of February, 1998, when Cebu Pacific Flight 387, a DC-9-32 travelling from Manila to Cagayan de Oro, crashed on the slopes of Mount Sumagaya due to a pilot error, killing all 104 people on board. October 18, 2006 – Cebu Pacific (CEB), the country’s low fare leader, is now the No. domestic airline in terms of flying the most passengers, operating the most number of flight frequencies ; routes and flying to the most domestic destinations. CEB flies to 20 domestic destinations and operates a total of 624 one-way flights per week. The airline also operates a total of 24 routes in its domestic network. As of the latest market share report for th e period covering October 1-15, CEB has a domestic market share of 45% and is ahead of its closest competitor by 1 market share point.This information comes from various airport operations summary reports. Lance Gokongwei, CEB CEO and president, said that the airline now offers an unbeatable combination of the lowest fares, the most number of domestic destinations and routes, the most flight frequencies, on-time flights and the newest planes in the country. Background Cebu Pacific entered the market in March 1996 with a promise to give â€Å"low fare, great value† to everyone who wanted to fly.After offering low fares to domestic destination, it launched its international operations in November 2001 and now caters flight to Bangkok, Busan, Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, Macau, Osaka, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore and Taipei. It provides destinations to which where one can go shopping and site seeing. Cebu Pacific Air operates a fleet of 33 Airbus (10 A319 and 23 A320) and 8 ATR 72-500 aircraft in which is the youngest fleet in the Philippines. Cebu Pacific is not just the leader in low fares but also in innovation and creativity.It was the first local airline to introduce e-ticketing, prepaid excess baggage and seat selection in the Philippines. Guests have also learned to anticipate a uniquely upbeat flying experience, as this is the only domestic carrier that offers fun in the skies with its games on board popularly known as Fun Flights, together with its entertaining in-flight magazine. Cebu Pacific also partnered with various destination hotels, car rental service, travel insurance and entertainment ticketing service, to provide its guests a more convenient travel experience.On time performance, schedule reliability and a smooth, comfortable flight are just some of the things that the air-traveling public has come to expect. Cebu Pacific Air is a low-cost airline based in Pasay City, Manila, the Philippines. It is the country’s second largest airline after Philippine Airlines. Its main base is Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Manila, with a hub at Mactan-Cebu International Airport. The airline was established on 26 August 1988 and started operations on March 8, 1996. It initially started with 24 domestic flights daily among Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Davao City.By end 2001, its operations have grown to about 80 daily flight to 18 domestic destinations. The airline is a subsidiary of  JG Summit Holdings. Cebu Pacific is currently headed by Lance Gokongwei, presumptive heir of  John Gokongwei, the chairman emeritus of JG Summit. The company has 1,182 employees (as of March 2007. In October 2010, the airline completed an IPO of 30. 4% of outstanding shares. Cebu Pacific carried more than 10 million passengers in 2010. Cebu Pacific started Cebu Pacific Air’s (CEB) unique low-fare; great-value strategy has allowed travelers to enjoy affordable flights to various local a nd international destinations.It offers industry leading budget fares through year-round â€Å"Go Fares†, which makes use of a tiered-pricing system. This unique product provides ultra-low fares through advanced bookings, making air travel a truly viable option for the Filipino, because Cebu Pacific believes that it’s time every Juan flies. More than this, CEB allows everyone to experience many firsts in the industry, innovations such as the global trend of e-ticketing, web check-in, seat selection, prepaid excess baggage and internet booking through www. ebupacificair. com. With a fleet of 38 aircraft with an average age of 3. 6 years, CEB operates the largest and youngest fleet in the Philippines. To support its growth requirements, CEB will be taking delivery of 22 more Airbus A320 aircraft in the next 5 years. In addition, CEB will be taking delivery of four Airbus 330 wide-body jets, 30 Airbus A321neo aircrafts, the newest member of the A320 series, to add more ra nge, flexibility and efficiency to its fleet. Aside from having the largest domestic network and perating the most local flights daily, CEB continues to expand its international presence as it now flies 19 international destinations in the region, including major cities in China, Korea and Vietnam. As a true innovator in the industry, CEB recently launched flights to Cambodia, home of the Angkor Wat heritage site and direct access from Hong Kong to Kalibo, gateway to the world -renowned island of Boracay. Truly, Cebu Pacific Air works at making more dreams of flight a reality, true to JG Summit’s vision to make a better life available to the Filipino.SWOT Analysis Strengths * Group bookings may be made through the airline’s Group Sales team and will be subject to specific rules on deposits, payment, rebooking and restrictions. The passenger may contact Group Sales for more information. * Air flight bookings may be made directly on  www. cebupacificair. com, with the airline’s ticket offices * Cebu Pacific Air offers a number of facilities as part of its online booking management program: * Web Check-in * Change flights * Printing of schedule receipts * Cancel flights or entire booking * Purchase add-ons Operates 100+ flights a day, to 27 destinations in 7 countries. * Asia’s 3rd largest low-cost airline based carrier with great value * After AirAsia (Malaysia) and JetStar (Australia) * With a market share of 50% * Flown over 45 million passengers since March 1996 * Low cost, great value * Concept: No-frills Airline No hot meals. No newspaper. Mono-class seating. Operating with a single-aircraft type. Faster turnaround time * Makes the flight enjoyable * Fun flights Games, flight safety, sometimes wedding proposals * Gives importance to small details * AirplanesYoungest fleet –29 aircrafts, average age of 17 months * Small enough to land on smaller airstrips –e. g. top tourist destinations-Boracay & Palawan * No. 1 do mestic airline * Domestic flights: 55 * Routes: 146 * Destinations: 33 domestic & 16 international Opportunities * Cebu Pacific has launched a range of innovative advertising opportunities both outdoors and on board, including aircraft body wrap, print ads on thermal boarding passes, and sponsored games on board. * Cebu Pacific operates an average of 270 domestic and international flights daily and flew over 4. million passengers between January and May 2011. * â€Å"We are proud to say that Cebu Pacific is the first airline to offer ambient advertising for those who wish to align their products with CEB’s high-quality and fun image, while also reaching out to a captive audience, day-in, day-out through our flights,† said CEB VP for Marketing and Distribution, Candice Iyog. * Cebu Pacific has made recent additions to advertising opportunities on board including overhead cabin lockers, seat trays, motion sickness bags, cups, and napkins. â€Å"We offer out-of-the-box a dvertising options to companies for maximum return of investment and measurable results. This includes advertising opportunities in the sky, through one of our aircraft, as well as strategic placements on our website,† added Candice. * The airline operates 10 Airbus A319, 15 Airbus A320 and 8 ATR-72 500 aircraft. By the end of 2011, CEB will be operating a fleet of 37 aircraft – with an average age of less than 3. 5 years – one of the most modern aircraft fleets in the world. Between 2012 and 2021, Cebu Pacific will take an additional 23 Airbus A320 and 30 Airbus A321neo aircraft. * Cebu pacific was given an opportunity to offer an alternative * When the airline industry was liberated * Legacy carriers (PAL) were privatized * Shows financial strength * Held an initial public offering (October 2013) * Largest local IPO in the Philippines U$D239 million * Php125 per share, 214. 63 shares * Raised Php26. 8 billion in the stock market * Looks at future possibilities * Airline industry’s potential growth is at 15% to 20% * Ordered 24 new Airbus units at U$D2 billionTo handle more passengers Fly more frequently to more routes * Revolutionized the booking system * Dramatic reduction of distribution costs * Gives priority to sales promotion as a mode of communication * Tiered pricing schemes and incentives * The earlier you book, the cheaper the ticket will be Threats * Delayed flights because of bomb threats Cebu Pacific is now the No. 1 domestic airline â€Å"Since the launch of our ‘Go’ fares last November, we have seen how this has influenced air travel and encouraged more people to fly.Our end-September reports show that total domestic travel was up by almost 40% compared to the same period last year and we believe that there’s still more we can do for the industry and the growing Philippine economy,† Gokongwei said. â€Å"As we expand our operations and open new routes, both domestic and regional, we will co ntinue to offer the lowest fares in the destinations we fly to. Tens of thousands of people are flying for the first time and that makes both our passengers and the airline very happy,† Gokongwei added.Gokongwei also said â€Å"This is indeed a milestone in the history of Cebu Pacific and much of the credit must go to the CEB team who has worked tirelessly for the past 10 years. Now we are No. 1 in the Philippines and hope to do the same for the region. † Now in its 11th year, CEB has the newest fleet in the Philippines and one of the newest in Asia as it operates 12 brand new Airbus aircraft to its 20 domestic and 6 regional destinations. The airline awaits the delivery of two more Airbus aircraft in early 2007 to complete its $670 million re-fleeting program. Cebu Pacific Air History – In late August, 1988, Cebu Air was established in Pasay City, Metro Manila, the Philippines, but it only started operations almost 8 years later, in early March, 1996. – In February 1998, Cebu Pacific Air was grounded by the government, but continued its services next month, after the re-certification of its aircraft. – In late November, 2001, Cebu Pacific Air started operating international flights with a twice-daily service to Hong-Kong. – On the 1st of March, 2002, Cebu Pacific Air introduced thrice-weekly flights to Seoul. In the following years, Cebu Pacific Air continued to introduce new routes and increase flight frequency for some of the existing ones. – In late May, 2008, Cebu Pacific was named as the world's number one airline in terms of growth, ranking fifth in Asia for Budget Airline passengers transported and 23rd in the world. – On July 22, 2008, Cebu Pacific became the first airline to use the new Terminal 3 of the N inoy Aquino International Airport and the first airline to operate international commercial flights from the new terminal. In August, 2009, Cebu Pacific opened its Twitter account, being the first airline in the Philippines to use social media. – The only fatal accident in the history of Cebu Pacific took place on the 2nd day of February, 1998, when Cebu Pacific Flight 387, a DC-9-32 travelling from Manila to Cagayan de Oro, crashed on the slopes of Mount Sumagaya due to a pilot error, killing all 104 people on board. October 18, 2006 – Cebu Pacific (CEB), the country’s low fare leader, is now the No. domestic airline in terms of flying the most passengers, operating the most number of flight frequencies ; routes and flying to the most domestic destinations. CEB flies to 20 domestic destinations and operates a total of 624 one-way flights per week. The airline also operates a total of 24 routes in its domestic network. As of the latest market share report for th e period covering October 1-15, CEB has a domestic market share of 45% and is ahead of its closest competitor by 1 market share point.This information comes from various airport operations summary reports. Lance Gokongwei, CEB CEO and president, said that the airline now offers an unbeatable combination of the lowest fares, the most number of domestic destinations and routes, the most flight frequencies, on-time flights and the newest planes in the country. Background Cebu Pacific entered the market in March 1996 with a promise to give â€Å"low fare, great value† to everyone who wanted to fly.After offering low fares to domestic destination, it launched its international operations in November 2001 and now caters flight to Bangkok, Busan, Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Lumpur, Macau, Osaka, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore and Taipei. It provides destinations to which where one can go shopping and site seeing. Cebu Pacific Air operates a fleet of 33 Airbus (10 A319 and 23 A320) and 8 ATR 72-500 aircraft in which is the youngest fleet in the Philippines. Cebu Pacific is not just the leader in low fares but also in innovation and creativity.It was the first local airline to introduce e-ticketing, prepaid excess baggage and seat selection in the Philippines. Guests have also learned to anticipate a uniquely upbeat flying experience, as this is the only domestic carrier that offers fun in the skies with its games on board popularly known as Fun Flights, together with its entertaining in-flight magazine. Cebu Pacific also partnered with various destination hotels, car rental service, travel insurance and entertainment ticketing service, to provide its guests a more convenient travel experience.On time performance, schedule reliability and a smooth, comfortable flight are just some of the things that the air-traveling public has come to expect. Cebu Pacific Air is a low-cost airline based in Pasay City, Manila, the Philippines. It is the country’s second largest airline after Philippine Airlines. Its main base is Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Manila, with a hub at Mactan-Cebu International Airport. The airline was established on 26 August 1988 and started operations on March 8, 1996. It initially started with 24 domestic flights daily among Metro Manila, Metro Cebu, and Davao City.By end 2001, its operations have grown to about 80 daily flight to 18 domestic destinations. The airline is a subsidiary of  JG Summit Holdings. Cebu Pacific is currently headed by Lance Gokongwei, presumptive heir of  John Gokongwei, the chairman emeritus of JG Summit. The company has 1,182 employees (as of March 2007. In October 2010, the airline completed an IPO of 30. 4% of outstanding shares. Cebu Pacific carried more than 10 million passengers in 2010. Cebu Pacific started Cebu Pacific Air’s (CEB) unique low-fare; great-value strategy has allowed travelers to enjoy affordable flights to various local a nd international destinations.It offers industry leading budget fares through year-round â€Å"Go Fares†, which makes use of a tiered-pricing system. This unique product provides ultra-low fares through advanced bookings, making air travel a truly viable option for the Filipino, because Cebu Pacific believes that it’s time every Juan flies. More than this, CEB allows everyone to experience many firsts in the industry, innovations such as the global trend of e-ticketing, web check-in, seat selection, prepaid excess baggage and internet booking through www. ebupacificair. com. With a fleet of 38 aircraft with an average age of 3. 6 years, CEB operates the largest and youngest fleet in the Philippines. To support its growth requirements, CEB will be taking delivery of 22 more Airbus A320 aircraft in the next 5 years. In addition, CEB will be taking delivery of four Airbus 330 wide-body jets, 30 Airbus A321neo aircrafts, the newest member of the A320 series, to add more ra nge, flexibility and efficiency to its fleet. Aside from having the largest domestic network and perating the most local flights daily, CEB continues to expand its international presence as it now flies 19 international destinations in the region, including major cities in China, Korea and Vietnam. As a true innovator in the industry, CEB recently launched flights to Cambodia, home of the Angkor Wat heritage site and direct access from Hong Kong to Kalibo, gateway to the world -renowned island of Boracay. Truly, Cebu Pacific Air works at making more dreams of flight a reality, true to JG Summit’s vision to make a better life available to the Filipino.SWOT Analysis Strengths * Group bookings may be made through the airline’s Group Sales team and will be subject to specific rules on deposits, payment, rebooking and restrictions. The passenger may contact Group Sales for more information. * Air flight bookings may be made directly on  www. cebupacificair. com, with the airline’s ticket offices * Cebu Pacific Air offers a number of facilities as part of its online booking management program: * Web Check-in * Change flights * Printing of schedule receipts * Cancel flights or entire booking * Purchase add-ons Operates 100+ flights a day, to 27 destinations in 7 countries. * Asia’s 3rd largest low-cost airline based carrier with great value * After AirAsia (Malaysia) and JetStar (Australia) * With a market share of 50% * Flown over 45 million passengers since March 1996 * Low cost, great value * Concept: No-frills Airline No hot meals. No newspaper. Mono-class seating. Operating with a single-aircraft type. Faster turnaround time * Makes the flight enjoyable * Fun flights Games, flight safety, sometimes wedding proposals * Gives importance to small details * AirplanesYoungest fleet –29 aircrafts, average age of 17 months * Small enough to land on smaller airstrips –e. g. top tourist destinations-Boracay & Palawan * No. 1 do mestic airline * Domestic flights: 55 * Routes: 146 * Destinations: 33 domestic & 16 international Opportunities * Cebu Pacific has launched a range of innovative advertising opportunities both outdoors and on board, including aircraft body wrap, print ads on thermal boarding passes, and sponsored games on board. * Cebu Pacific operates an average of 270 domestic and international flights daily and flew over 4. million passengers between January and May 2011. * â€Å"We are proud to say that Cebu Pacific is the first airline to offer ambient advertising for those who wish to align their products with CEB’s high-quality and fun image, while also reaching out to a captive audience, day-in, day-out through our flights,† said CEB VP for Marketing and Distribution, Candice Iyog. * Cebu Pacific has made recent additions to advertising opportunities on board including overhead cabin lockers, seat trays, motion sickness bags, cups, and napkins. â€Å"We offer out-of-the-box a dvertising options to companies for maximum return of investment and measurable results. This includes advertising opportunities in the sky, through one of our aircraft, as well as strategic placements on our website,† added Candice. * The airline operates 10 Airbus A319, 15 Airbus A320 and 8 ATR-72 500 aircraft. By the end of 2011, CEB will be operating a fleet of 37 aircraft – with an average age of less than 3. 5 years – one of the most modern aircraft fleets in the world. Between 2012 and 2021, Cebu Pacific will take an additional 23 Airbus A320 and 30 Airbus A321neo aircraft. * Cebu pacific was given an opportunity to offer an alternative * When the airline industry was liberated * Legacy carriers (PAL) were privatized * Shows financial strength * Held an initial public offering (October 2013) * Largest local IPO in the Philippines U$D239 million * Php125 per share, 214. 63 shares * Raised Php26. 8 billion in the stock market * Looks at future possibilities * Airline industry’s potential growth is at 15% to 20% * Ordered 24 new Airbus units at U$D2 billionTo handle more passengers Fly more frequently to more routes * Revolutionized the booking system * Dramatic reduction of distribution costs * Gives priority to sales promotion as a mode of communication * Tiered pricing schemes and incentives * The earlier you book, the cheaper the ticket will be Threats * Delayed flights because of bomb threats Cebu Pacific is now the No. 1 domestic airline â€Å"Since the launch of our ‘Go’ fares last November, we have seen how this has influenced air travel and encouraged more people to fly.Our end-September reports show that total domestic travel was up by almost 40% compared to the same period last year and we believe that there’s still more we can do for the industry and the growing Philippine economy,† Gokongwei said. â€Å"As we expand our operations and open new routes, both domestic and regional, we will co ntinue to offer the lowest fares in the destinations we fly to. Tens of thousands of people are flying for the first time and that makes both our passengers and the airline very happy,† Gokongwei added.Gokongwei also said â€Å"This is indeed a milestone in the history of Cebu Pacific and much of the credit must go to the CEB team who has worked tirelessly for the past 10 years. Now we are No. 1 in the Philippines and hope to do the same for the region. † Now in its 11th year, CEB has the newest fleet in the Philippines and one of the newest in Asia as it operates 12 brand new Airbus aircraft to its 20 domestic and 6 regional destinations. The airline awaits the delivery of two more Airbus aircraft in early 2007 to complete its $670 million re-fleeting program.

Understanding The ADD and ADHD

Attention Deficit Disorder Kam Bisel Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is a problem that affects 5% to 10% of all children. ADD affect more children than any other childhood problems except asthma. It is estimated to be the largest single cause for first referrals to child guidance clinics throughout the country, making up as many as 40% of those cases. Many ADD cases are not diagnosed because the problem most often does not show in the doctors office. Current estimates suggest that approximately 50 to 65% of the children with ADD will have symptoms of the disorder as adolescents and adults. Although ADD has just recently been discovered and there is still relatively little known about it. In 1902, George Frederick Still believed the dilemma of the problem child was linked to a biological defect inherited from an injury at birth and not the result of the environment. Through 1930-40's stimulant drugs were first used to successfully treat many behavior problems due in part by Still's hypothesis. In 1960, Stella Chess researched in the field by writing about the â€Å"hyperactive child syndrome. She took Still's hypothesis further stating that the resulting behavior problems stem from a biological cause, although it is linked to a genetic inheritance rather then a birth defect from an injury. Finally, in 1980, the syndrome was named Attention Deficit Disorder, due in large part to Virginia Douglas's work to find accurate ways to diagnose it (Hallowell 2). This is currently how it stands in the axis two of the DSM-IV today, with the addition of a new category Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and there sub types. Most scientist now believe that an abnormality in brain chemistry could be to blame for the symptoms of Attention Deficit Disorder. The frontal lobes of the brain are believed to be responsible for the regulation of behavior and attention. They receive information from the lower brain, which regulates arousal and screens incoming messages from within and outside of the body. The limbic system which is a group of related nervous system structures located in the midbrain and linked to emotions and feelings then sends the messages to the frontal lobes. Finally, the frontal lobes are suspected to be the site of working memory, the place where information about the immediate environment is considered for memory storage, planning, and future-directed behavior. Scientist believe the activity in the frontal lobes is depressed in people with ADD. Studies also show, a decrease in the ability of the Attention Deficit Disorder brain to use glucose, the body's main source of energy, leading to slower and less efficient activity. Neurotransmitter provide the connection between one nerve cell and another. It is also now suspected that people with Attention Deficit Disorder have a chemical imbalance of a class of neurotransmitter called catecholamine. Dopamine, helps to form a pathway between the motor center of the midbrain and the frontal lobes, as well as a pathway between the limbic system and the frontal lobes. Without enough dopamine and related catecholamine, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, the frontal lobes are under stimulated and thus unable to perform their complex functions efficiently. Attention Deficit Disorder is primarily considered a genetic disorder. Which is why it is labeled a axis two in the DSM-IV. Studies show that 20-30% of all hyperactive children have at least one parent with ADD. However, not all cases of ADD are genetically linked. Some studies show that a small percentage of ADD cases were influenced by smoking, drinking alcohol, and using drugs during pregnancy. Exposure to toxins, such as lead, may also alter the brain chemistry and function. Both of these issues are cause for concern for the at-risk population. ADD generally affects males more often than females, in a 3:1 ratio. Because this disorder effects the brain detection of this condition is difficult. The accepted test, although today there has been an increase in research into ADD and subsequently now other tests. The test requires a nine month observation of the person, as well as EEGs, MRIs, or a PET scan. During the nine months, the person has to show a certain number of the classic traits associated with the disorder. The EEG are used to record the amount of electrical activity that is happening in the brain. An MRI is an x-ray that shows the brain's anatomy however it is not a routine assessment. More recently, the way to diagnose ADD is the use of a PET scan, which measure the amount activity in the brain. There are two general categories for those diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder. One is ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), this is the more prevalent of the two. A person with ADHD will show certain characteristics. Characteristics like, fidgeting, squirming, difficulty remaining seated, easily distracted, difficulty awaiting turn, interrupting, difficulty following directions, sustaining attention, shifting from one uncompleted task to another, not listening, following multiple directions, and frequently engaging in dangerous actions. The general diagnosis of ADD, as opposed to ADHD, has some, but not all of the above characteristics. There are people who have been diagnosed with ADD whose characteristics are not hyperactive but the complete opposite, they are underactive. This goes against the general notion that only kids who are hyperactive have ADD. These children often daydream and are never mentally present anywhere. They constantly drift off into their own world during classes or conversations. This type is more prevalent in females with ADD then in males. The underlining issues with these children are the inability to focus, they are too easily distracted. This form of ADD is the hardest to diagnose since it seems that these people simply need to â€Å"apply themselves more† or â€Å"get their act together. † Attention Deficit Disorder not only effects those afflicted in the classroom but at home as well. The rest of the families daily routine may become a distraction to those afflicted with ADD. Sometimes a television or radio that is turned on in another room may become distraction. What the ADD person needs is a sound screen. A sound screen is some form of constant noise that plays in the background, commonly a television or a radio. At first it may seem like a distraction, but in reality, if the TV or music forms a kind of â€Å"white noise† with an even level of intensity, which actually covers up discrepant noises that can be a distraction. â€Å"The hum of a ceiling fan or motor can do wonders to soothe and focus you† (Weiss. 7). Getting a family household to function smoothly is challenging for any family, with or without the presence of ADD. Adults and children suffering from Attention Deficit Disorder have trouble establishing and maintaining physical order, coordinating schedules and activities, and accepting and meeting responsibilities. Parents with children suffering with ADD have to learn how to deal with the obstacles that they will have while raising their child. Since ADD is genetically passed through to children the tendency is to have more then just the child with ADD but the parents too. Not only does the child have a problem with rules and schedules but so does the parent. Adults dealing with ADD often have chronic employment problems, impulsive spending, and erratic bookkeeping and bill paying. Raising healthy, well-adjusted children requires patience, sound judgment, good humor, and, discipline which is difficult for a parent with ADD to do. The presence of ADD often hinders the development of intimate relationships for a variety of reasons. Although many adults with ADD enjoy successful, satisfying marriages, the disorder almost always adds a certain amount of extra tension and pressure to the union. The non-ADD spouse bears an additional burden of responsibility for keeping the household running smoothly and meeting the needs of the children, the spouse with ADD, and, if he or she has time, his or her own priorities. Raising a child who has ADD can be an exhausting and, at times, frustrating experience. Parents play a key role in managing the disability. They usually need specialized training in behavior management and benefit greatly from parent support groups. Parents often find that approaches to raising that work well with children who do not have ADD, do not work as well with children who have ADD. Parents often feel helpless, frustrated and exhausted. Especially if the child's condition is unknown at the time. It could seem to the parent that the child is just bad. Too often, family members become angry and withdraw from each other. If untreated, the situation only worsens. Parent training can be one of the most important and effective interventions for a child with ADD. Effective training will teach parents how to apply strategies to manage their child's behavior and improve their relationship with their child. Without consistent structure and clearly defined expectations and limits, children with ADD can become quite confused about the behaviors that are expected of them. Making and keeping friends is a difficult task for children with ADD. A variety of behavioral excesses and deficits common to these children get in the way of friendships. They may talk too much, dominate activities, intrude in others' games, or quit a game before its done. They may be unable to pay attention to what another child is saying, not respond when someone else tries to initiate and activity, or exhibit inappropriate behavior. There is no cure for Attention Deficit Disorder. â€Å"Along with increasing awareness of the problem, a better understanding of its causes and treatment has developed† ( Wender 3). There is medication for ADD which will only alleviate the symptoms. The medication will not permanently restore the chemical imbalance. Approximately 70% of adults with ADD find that their symptoms significantly improve after they take medication prescribed by their doctors. The patient is able to concentrate on difficult and time-consuming tasks, stop impulsive behavior , and time the restless twitches that have been experienced in the past. Some ADD patient's psychological and behavioral problems are not solved by medication alone, and are required more therapy or training. Adult patients have the burden of the past that often hinders their progress. The patient then needs help with the relief of disappointment, frustration, and nagging sense of self-doubt that often weighs upon the ADD patient. Some ADD patients suffer from low-grade depression or anxiety, others with a dependence on alcohol or drugs, and most with low self-esteem and feelings of helplessness. There are two types of drugs that work to balance the neurotransmitter and have been found to be most effective in treating ADD, stimulants and antidepressants. Stimulants work by increasing the amount of dopamine either produced in the brain or used by the frontal lobes of the brain. Antidepressants also stimulate brain activity in the frontal lobes, but they affect the production and use of other chemicals, usually norepinephrine and serotonin. All the drugs used to treat ADD have the same goal, to provide the brain with the raw materials it needs to concentrate over a sustained period of time, control impulses, and regulate motor activity. The drug or combination of drugs that work best for the patient depends on the individuals brain chemistry and constellation of symptoms. The process of finding the right drug can be tricky for each individual. The psychologists are not able to accurately predict how any one individual will respond to various doses or types of Attention Deficit Disorder medication. However, the drug of choice for Attention Deficit Disorder is Ritilan. Ritilan (Methylphenidate) is a mild CNS stimulant. In medicine, Ritilan's primary use is treatment of Attention DeficitHyperactive Disorder (ADHD). The reason why this drug works so well is not completely understood, but Ritilan presumably activates the arousal system of the brain stem and the cortex to produce its stimulant effect. According to the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), prescriptions for Ritilan have increased more than 600% in the past five years. Ritilan (Methylphenidate) is manufactured by CIBA-Geigy Corporation. It is supplied in 5 mg. , 10 mg. , and 20 mg. ablets, and in a sustained release form, Ritilan SR, in 20 mg. tablets. It is readily water soluble and is intended for oral use. It is a Schedule II Controlled Substance under both the Federal and Vermont Controlled Substance Acts (Bailey 5). As stated before, ADHD is a condition most likely based in an inefficiency and inadequacy of Dopamine and Norepinephrine hormone availability, typically occurring when a person with ADHD tries to concentrate. Ritilan improves the efficiency of the hormones Dopamine and Norepinephrine, increasing the resources for memory, focus, concentration and attention (Clark 6). Ritilan exhibits pharmacological activity similar to that of amphetamines. Ritilan's exact mechanism of action in the CNS is not fully understood, but the primary sites of activity appear to be in the cerebral cortex and the subcortical structures including the thalamus. Ritilan blocks the re-uptake mechanism present in dopaminergic neurons. As a result, sympathomimetic activity in the central nervous system and in the peripheral nervous system increases. Ritilan-induced CNS stimulation produces a decreased sense of fatigue, an increase in motor activity and mental alertness, mild euphoria, and brighter spirits. In the PNS, the actions of Ritilan are minimal at therapeutic doses (Clark 2 ). Ritilan is the quickest of all oral ADHD stimulant medications in onset of action: it starts to achieve benefit in 20 – 30 minutes after administration, and is most effective during the upward ‘slope' and peak serum levels. Ritilan's effect is brief: Most people experience 2-3 hours of benefit, but after 3 hours, benefits drop off rapidly. Some individuals, especially children, may obtain 4 or even 5 hours of positive effect (Clark 1). Attention Deficit Disorder is very prevalent throughout this country and the world. There is no cure. Those afflicted with the disorder must learn to compensate for it and live regardless of it's affects. There are drugs and therapy available for those with this disorder to help them maintain there life. It is very frustrating to live with ADD or ADHD and even harder to live with it and not know it. Since ADD's detection is difficult, often the symptoms are likened to some other cause in an effort to explain the behaviors. This has lead to many misdiagnoses. However, new studies on ADD and ADHD are in the works and with the Human Genome Project's completion in 2003 there is hope more light will be shed on this disorder.

Robert Frost Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Robert Frost Poetry - Essay Example "The Road Not Taken" portrays the crisis of choice through a first-person narrator who describes his past experience and its personal implications. The poem constitutes a portrait of human anxiety depicting man brooding uncomfortably over decisions made, directions taken, and chances missed. Conveying the poem's theme, Robert Frost uses variety of literature elements, and antithesis evidently one of the central ones. Contrasting the characteristics of two roads allows Frost to demonstrate the diversity of choices available for every individual while the consequences of these choices being equally "as just as fair" (Frost, 1972, p 131). In further antithesis, Frost contrasts one road as "grassy and wanted wear" to alternative one, "wornreally about the same" (Frost, 1972, p 131). Abruptly, distinguishing between each road, narrator asserts their similarity, revealing that "both that morning equally lay/In leaves" (Frost, 1972, p 131). ... Robert Frost effectively uses epithets to emphasize the indecisiveness of narrator, who found himself on the the diverging roads - "just as fair," "perhaps the better claim," "really about the same," all stress the complexity of narrator's position. Metaphor of road "less traveled by" evidently refers to unconventional life choices made by the narrator, which "made all the difference" (Frost, 1972, p 131). In his "Education by Poetry," Frost once indicated that "poetry provides the one permissible way of saying one thing and meaning another [poets] like to talk in parables and in hints and in indirections - whether from diffidence or some other instinct" (Frost, 1972, p.332). Various literature elements like metaphors, epithets, and antithesis empower Frost in his aesthetic attempt to obscure the initial meaning of the poem. REFERENCES Frost, R. 1972. The Rod Not Taken, In Lathem E. and Thompson L., Robert Frost Poetry and Prose, pp.329-340 Frost, R. 1972. Education by Poetry, In Lathem E. and Thompson L., Robert Frost Poetry and Prose,

Environmental Services and Economic Production in Indiana State Assignment

Environmental Services and Economic Production in Indiana State - Assignment Example Indiana State has embarked on an ambitious plan of reducing energy dependency by producing energy from the natural resources and stirring energy consideration. There are more than five environmental services that sustain the economic production in Indiana. They include waste management in cases of conversion of Biomass to biogas and energy preservation. The services are in line with the aforementioned plan of the Indiana state of produce thousands of metrics of energy from the natural sources such as coal, soybean and biomass among others. Indiana enjoys 11 operating ethanol plants and numerous biodiesel manufacturing plants.The State has the world’s largest soybean plant. All these plants produce over one billion gallons of biofuel production capacity. With this enormous economic investment and production of energy from the natural sources, a greater need for preservation and conservation is eminent to safeguard the wellbeing of humanity and continuity of the resources. This perspective explains the endless efforts of the various environmental organizations to offer environmental conservation services. Such agencies include the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program. Environmental conservations in Indiana State are of immense importance due to the fact that, the foundation of economic development is based on the natural resources, particularly in agriculture and energy production.To ensure continuity of these natural resources for the wellbeing of the inhabitants preservation and conservation services are necessary.

How intermediate language students in the Uk are tought colloqiula Essay

How intermediate language students in the Uk are tought colloqiula Arabic - Essay Example How Many Languages do they know: - Two students being from a complete different background( Pakistan and Somalia) know English besides their native languages. -Two out of five English students, do not know or have command on any other language other then English. -Three out of five English students hold a firm grip on other languages as well. -They have flair of learning different languages. THE PURPOSE BEHIND LEARNING OF COLLOQUIAL ARABIC: - Two students from Pakistan and Somalia made it a religious need to have the better understanding of Arabic in order to have a sound grip on religion. -Four out of five English students showed that they were interested in learning Arabic because they have flair of learning different languages which would give them a better idea of understanding the Arabic culture as well as this would help them in understanding the better political scenario of middle-east. - One out of five English Students showed that the basic purpose behind learning Arabic wou ld help in getting a better job. It has been observed that Arabic is considered as one of the most important languages in the world as well as it has been set as an important official language in various international organizations around the world. OTHER ANALYSIS ON THE LEARNING PATTERN OF COLLOQUIAL ARABIC OF FIVE ENGLISH STUDENTS: - It has been found out that all these seven students have been studying and learning Arabic from last 2 years except for one who has been learning from 9 months. -Four out of seven students have never visited any Arab state whereas only three students have visited UAE and the Kingdom of Morocco for meeting relatives and found it imperative to know Arabic in order to know well about the Arab culture and civilization. -These results also made it clear the interests of these students very clear that how much they are interested in learning Arabic and to what extent they are willing to learn. Five out of two English students showed their interest in learni ng Arabic for speaking and writing purposes in order to get a job where this skill would help them to excel and progress in future. Whereas on the other hand, other two English students showed their interest in learning the Arabic for speaking purpose only which would help them in socializing with other people from the world particularly from Arab countries. Just one English student opted Arabic in order to read well the history of Middle Eastern countries. While the other two students want to learn Arabic for having better understanding of Quran and visiting other Arab countries. HOW MUCH TIME DO THEY GIVE IN IMPROVING THEIR COLLOQUIAL ARABIC AND WHAT IMPROVEMENT THEY NEED? -It has been found out from the group discussion that these seven students give a little time in improving their colloquial Arabic such as once a week or follow the standard timing as per set by the classes. - However, they still made it clear that they require more time in practicing the colloquial Arabic as it is not their native language and still they find it hard to use it on the regular basis outside their classrooms. They

Research Based Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Based Practice - Essay Example Health care providers also engage in experimental setups, which generate results and knowledge on the best means of providing health care. The findings from these experiments and the literature search are then used to make informed decisions and choices by nurses. Thus, decision-making process is based on the evidence, which is gathered from literature search and physical experiments. Health care providers also engage in questioning the decisions, which they make by evaluating the validity of the existing evidence. Such questions include â€Å"why† some methods and processes are in existences and not others. This creates foundation for the improvement of the research process in order to achieve the anticipated results of the research work. There is also partnership development at work with professional leaders. Such ensures that it is easier to disseminate and diffuse information on the best practice for the nursing. The partnerships also facilitate in end user adoption and im plementation of evidence-based

Professional Translation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Professional Translation - Essay Example This framed Nida's dynamic equivalence which is understanding not only the meaning of the source text but also the manner in which the intended receptors of a text are likely to understand it in the receptor language (Tianmin). In other words, Nida is more concerned in how the receptors would understand or digest the intended message of the original text. Nida has been into biblical translations. One theory of equivalence is that of Vinay and Darbelnet who view equivalence-oriented translation as a procedure which 'replicates the same situation as in the original, whilst using completely different wording' (Kenny: 342). They regard the method as ideal in dealing with proverbs, idioms, clichs, nominal or adjectival phrases and the onomatopoeia of animal sounds. Another theory of equivalence is that of Jakobson, known as the concept of equivalence in difference. Roman Jakobson's study of equivalence gave new impetus to the theoretical analysis of translation since he introduced the notion of 'equivalence in difference' (Jakobson, 1959:232). ... There is no full equivalence between code units. According to his theory, 'translation involves two equivalent messages in two different codes' (Jakobson, p. 233). From a grammatical point of view, languages may differ from one another to a greater or lesser degree, but this does not mean that a translation cannot be possible, meaning that the translator may face the problem of not finding a translation equivalent. Similarities of Vinay and Darbelnet's theory and Jakobson's theory can be found in the fact that both can rely on other procedures such as loan-translations or neologisms whenever linguistic approach is no longer suitable in the translation process. Nida and Taber's formal correspondence and dynamic equivalence is another theory of equivalence. Formal correspondence 'focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content' (Nida and Taber, 1982), unlike dynamic equivalence which is based upon 'the principle of equivalent effect' (1964: 159). Formal correspondence consists of correspondence TL item which represents the closest equivalent of a SL word or phrase. There are not always formal equivalents between language pairs. These formal equivalents should be used wherever possible if the translation aims at achieving formal rather than dynamic equivalence. Nida and Taber assert that formal correspondence distorts the grammatical and stylistic patterns of the receptor language, and hence distorts the message, so as to cause the receptor to misunderstand or to labor unduly hard' (1964:201). Dynamic equivalence is defined as a translation principle according to which a translator seeks to translate the meaning of the origi nal in such a way that the TL wording will trigger the same

Literary Criticism Essay on the novel Atonement by Ian McEwan

Literary Criticism on the novel Atonement by Ian McEwan - Essay Example This essay discusses that from a formalistic theory of literature vantage point, the way in which McEwan uses grammar and syntax is developed to create a definitive undertone for the story and characters. As Briony is introduced, the writing has a tempo that is a bit staccato. One can feel her personality through the overuse of adjectives and descriptivism in order to emit the precocious, dramatic personality of a thirteen-year-old girl embroiled in the complexity of experiences that she was not yet able to process. â€Å"Briony was hard to know it then, but this was the project's highest point of fulfillment. Nothing came near it for satisfaction, all else was dreams and frustration.† In conclusion, as the story is told, the use of words creates the proper moods and enhances the characterizations. As the consequences of actions are played through, the dilemma of the writer is characterized. â€Å"The problem these fifty-nine years has been this: how can a novelist achieve atonement when, with her absolute power of deciding outcomes, she is also God?† As the reader becomes involved and inserts his or her own experiences into the consequences of the novel, nuances of viewpoint change the way in which the reader will respond. As well, the universal symbolism that utilizes helps to clearly define the journey that is undertaken. As the different literary theories are examined in context, the novel, Atonement, by Ian McEwan becomes a tapestry of emotional content that touches on universal themes.

The four kinds of market-product strategies Essay

The four kinds of market-product strategies - Essay Example The four kinds of market-product strategies that organizations may follow depending upon the availability of their resources and requirements are: Same Market New Product (Product Development) In this strategy, an organization introduces the same product in the market that he is currently catering to. It is a type of product development that an organization does to retain and increase its potential customers by providing solutions that based on the identified requirement of customers. Same Product New Market (Market development) In this strategy, an organization takes the same product that it is currently dealing in to new markets, to turn its prospective customers into its routine and regular customers by identifying a need in that segment. It has much more to do with the identification of the right market segment and then offer them with the products from an organization’s portfolio. Same Market Same Product (Penetration Strategy) If an organization wants to cater the same market with the same product then it must have to follow the penetration strategy. It means organization will have to take the steps to increase its market share in the existing market and to follow strategies that will help organization to beat the competition. The most widely accepting activity that organizations do is to reduce the prices. The reduced prices will take the market share away from its competitors.

Critical thinking review (two books) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical thinking review (two books) - Essay Example Both the books have sought with a critically intensive approach to shed new light on hidden official collusion in institutionalizing what otherwise seem to be the negative power relations. The US federal government structure assumes a highly hierarchical monolithic character with a vertically distributed system of layered rungs, with each being occupied by â€Å"a bureaucrat† who is responsible to the one immediately above him. The iron triangle is a phrase used by political analysts to describe the policy-making relationship between the legislature, the bureaucracy, more often known as government agencies, and interest groups It is regularly used to refer to the military-industrial complex, with Congress (and the House and Senate Committees on Armed Services), defense contractors, and the U.S. Department of Defense forming the iron triangle. Durant in Chapter two of his book titled â€Å"Greening, National Security and the Post-modern Military†, correctly identifies the inevitable interdependent relationship among the three organs of the state mentioned above. It is this interdependence that characterizes the very nature and scope of the problem which ordinary citizens call â€Å"the environmental degradation†. Irrespective of the compositional parameters of Congressional Committees on various environmental issues, the preference was to take the beaten path, so as not to upset the existing power equilibrium among different state organs. Though some of the suggestions made by Durant to overcome this dilemma are unambiguous enough, there are too many penumbral tendencies that he brings to bear on an otherwise well researched book. For example a credible argument that he uses – â€Å"the US military is being transformed into a modern fighting machine primarily due to the fact that China in particular and Islamists in general pose a threat to US national security†- seeks to extrapolate national security concerns into the unknown

Narrative Technique of Sula Essay Example for Free

Narrative Technique of Sula Essay Although Sula is arranged in chronological order, it does not construct a linear story with the causes of each new plot event clearly visible in the preceding chapter. Instead, Sula uses juxtaposition, the technique through which collages are put together. The effects of a collage on the viewer depend on unusual combinations of pictures, or on unusual arrangements such as overlapping. The pictures of a collage dont fit smoothly together, yet they create a unified effect. The pictures of Sulas collage are separate events or character sketches. Together, they show the friendship of Nel and Sula as part of the many complicated, overlapping relationships that make up the Bottom. Morrison presents the novel from the perspective of an omniscient narrator one who knows all the characters thoughts and feelings. An omniscient narrator usually puts the reader in the position of someone viewing a conventional portrait or landscape rather than a collage. (In such situations, the viewer can perceive the unity of the whole work with only a glance.) To create the collage-like effect of Sula, the omniscient narrator never reveals the thoughts of all the characters at one time. Instead, from chapter to chapter, she chooses a different point-of-view character, so that a different persons consciousness and experience dominate a particular incident or section. In addition, the narrator sometimes moves beyond the consciousness of single, individual characters, to reveal what groups in the community think and feel. On the rare occasions when it agrees unanimously, she presents the united communitys view. As in The Bluest Eye and Jazz, the community has such a direct impact o n individuals that it amounts to a character. In narrative technique for Sula, Morrison draws on a specifically modernist usage of juxtaposition. Modernism, discussed in Chapter 3, was the dominant literary movement during the first half of the twentieth century. Writers of this period abandoned the unifying, omniscient narrator of earlier literature to make literature more like life, in which each of us has to make our own sense of the world. Rather than passively receiving a smooth, connected story from an authoritative narrator, the reader is forced to piece together a coherent plot and meaning from more separated pieces of  information. Modernists experimented with many literary genres. For example, T. S. Eliot created his influential poem The Wasteland by juxtaposing quotations from other literary works and songs, interspersed with fragmentary narratives of original stories. Fiction uses an analogous technique of juxtaposition. Each successive chapter of William Faulkner novel As I Lay Dying, for instance, drops the reader into a different characters consciousness without the direction or help of an omniscient narrator. To figure out the plot, the reader must work through the perceptions of characters who range from a seven-year-old boy to a madman. The abrupt, disturbing shifts from one consciousness to another are an intended part of the readers experience. As with all literary techniques, juxtaposition is used to communicate particular themes. In Cane, a work that defies our usual definitions of literary genres, Jean Toomer juxtaposed poetry and brief prose sketches. In this way, Cane establishes its thematic co ntrast of rural black culture in the South and urban black culture of the North. Morrison, who wrote her masters thesis on two modernists, Faulkner and Virginia Woolf, uses juxtaposition as a structuring device in Sula. Though relatively short for a novel, Sula has an unusually large number of chapters, eleven. This division into small pieces creates an intended choppiness, the uncomfortable sense of frequently stopping and starting. The content of the chapters accentuates this choppy rhythm. Almost every chapter shifts the focus from the story of the preceding chapter by changing the point-of-view character or introducing sudden, shocking events and delaying discussion of the characters motives until later. In 1921, for example, Eva douses her son Plum with kerosene and burns him to death. Although the reader knows that Plum has become a heroin addict, Evas reasoning is not revealed. When Hannah, naturally assuming that Eva doesnt know of Plums danger, tells her that Plum is burning, the chapter ends with Evas almost nonchalant Is? My baby? Burning? (48). Not until midway through the next chapter, 1923, does Hannahs questioning allow the reader to understand Evas motivation. Juxtaposition thus heightens the readers sense of incompleteness. Instead of providing quick resolution, juxtaposition  introduces new and equally disturbing events. Paradoxically, when an occasional chapter does contain a single story apparently complete in itself, it too contributes to the novels overall choppy rhythm. In a novel using a simple, chronological mode of narration, each succeeding chapter would pick up where the last one left off, with the main characters now involved in a different incident, but in some clear way affected by their previous experience. In Sula, however, some characters figure prominently in one chapter and then fade entirely into the background. The first chapter centers on Shadrack, and although he appears twice more and has considerable psychic importance to Sula and symbolic importance to the novel, he is not an important actor again. In similar fashion, Helene Wright is the controlling presence of the third chapter, 1920, but barely appears in the rest of the book. These shifts are more unsettling than if Shadrack and Helene were ancestors of the other characters, generations removed, because the reader would then expect them to disappear. Their initial prominence and later shadowy presence contribute to the readers feeling of disruption. The choppy narration of Sula expresses one of its major themes, the fragmentation of both individuals and the community. Sula. New York: Knopf, 1973. Rpt. New York: Penguin, 1982

Bereavement and Spiritual Change Essay Example for Free

Bereavement and Spiritual Change Essay This article aims to determine the causal connection between bereavement and a persons decision to effect changes in his spirituality. It is the position of the author that â€Å"bereavement is a life crisis that challenges ones assumptions about human existence and provides the grounds for spiritual change† (Balk, 1999). Methods. To test the hypothesis, the author chose some case examples that illustrate the causal connection between bereavement and spiritual change. These stories show how an extreme life crisis could lead a person to lose hope in life or change his worldview altogether (Balk, 1999). Results. The author concluded that the case studies mentioned in the article show how bereavement, a specific life crisis, could trigger spiritual change in people. He cites â€Å"psychological imbalance or disequilibrium†, which needed a process of reflection to help one stabilize the imbalance. The author likewise concludes that the spiritual change that occurs after bereavement is a result of a person’s spending time in both the loss orientation and the restoration orientation† (Balk, 1999). Baker, J.E. , Sedney, M. A. Gross, E. (1992). Psychological Tasks for Bereaved Children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 62(1), 105-116. Purpose. This article is an expository work on the grief process of children. More specifically, it discusses the different stages of the grief process, as illustrated by various models of the process put forward by different scholars (Baker, Sedney Gross, 1992). Methods. This article simply gathered literature on the subject of the grief process of bereaved children. It focused on time-specific tasks that a grieving person should accomplish in order to progress within the grief process. The article likewise provided a case example with a corresponding discussion of how the case illustrated the needs of a grieving child (Baker, Sedney Gross, 1992). Results. The article concluded with a discussion of the implications of using a time-specific model of therapy for bereaved children. It teaches how an assessment at the beginning of the therapy of the accomplished tasks could allow the therapist to determine the next steps for the child. It also pointed out that there is a need for a complete and detailed history of the circumstances or events surrounding the death of a loved one. Such detailed history would be very helpful in predicting obstacles that could be present during the childs bereavement process (Baker, Sedney Gross, 1992). Cooper, C. A. Children’s Dreams During the Grief Process. Purpose. This article focuses on one specific aspect of the grief process in children, namely, dreams. It is based on the theory that dreaming is a therapeutic process, or a way for children to express their feeling of loss and heal. This article aims to determine whether there is an increased frequency of dreaming among grieving children, for a positive answer to this query would support the position that children help in healing themselves after experiencing loss (Cooper). Methods. A total of 272 student- participants were selected from a suburban elementary school. These children belong to the fourth and fifth grades. Out of these students, random selection was made and parental consent was sought. Finally, the number was eventually scaled down to only 39 students composed of both grieving and non-grieving children. After data collection through interviews, data was analyzed through â€Å"a chi-square test procedure, using the Yates correction (Cooper). Results. Data gathered and analyzed led to the conclusion that grieving children had greater dream recall than the other group of non-grieving children. it is believed that this manifests a child’s subconscious effort to heal. Dreams are potentially good venues for children to express their feelings of loss and grief. Thus, while there is dearth in literature dealing with grief and dreams, dream work remains a possible approach for dealing with grieving children (Cooper). Ens, C. Bond, Jr. , J. B. (2005). Death Anxiety and Personal Growth in Adolescents Experiencing the Death of a Grandparent. Death Studies 29, 171-178. Purpose. This article is about the experience by adolescents of the death of a grandparent, including the attendant death anxiety. It recognizes that every person would have a different kind of established relationship with his grandparent, and assumes that some grandparents have a significant influence in the lives of the younger generations in the family. Thus, this article aimed to determine the relationship, if any, between death anxiety and the bereavement process for adolescents (Ens Bond, Jr. , 2005). Methods. Participants in the study consisted of adolescent students from private schools in Canada who experienced the death of a grandparent(s). They were given pen-and-paper questionnaires, which were used to measure death anxiety, using the â€Å"revised Death Anxiety Scale (RDAS)† (Ens Bond, Jr. , 2005). Results. The study showed the relationship between bereavement, death anxiety, many other demographic factors, such as personal growth and gender. Some demographic factors, such as gender, appeared to be non-related to death anxiety among adolescents. However, the authors are not satisfied with the results, for they feel that many other relevant factors, such as ethnicity and socioeconomic status, are left unexplored (Ens Bond, Jr. , 2005). Hass, J. K. Walter, T. (2007). Parental Grief in Three Societies: Networks and Religion as Social Supports in Mourning. OMEGA 54(3), 179-198.

Enterprise Resource Planning of Nike

Enterprise Resource Planning of Nike Nike was founded by Mr. Phil Knight and his past coach Bill Bowerman in 1964 and they started Blue Ribbon Sports. Knights first shoe was called Tiger and then began distribution of shoes. Blue Ribbon got great success in 1971 and Knight changes the company name Nike. In 1971 it introduced Nikes first brand line. Nike launched its product line in 1979. The new version of its Air shoe which was very successful and it was known as Air Jordan; introduced in 1985. Nike opened its first retail outlet in Portland, Oregon in 1990. In 1991 the company was very successful and its revenue reached USD $3 billion. Company began selling its products directly to customers from its website. Nike is the worlds leading sports and athletic shoes. Nike is the major manufacturer of sports equipment with $18.6 billion USD in the year of 2008. Nike has 30000 employees in worldwide. (Nikebiz:company overview, 2010) Nike Mission Statement To bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete* in the world * If you have a body, you are an athlete. (nike, 2010) Introduction Nike had generated profits of $97.4 million and its profit dropped down by 50% in February 2001. Nike said that it was because of the failure of supply chain software produced by i2 technologies. Both companies blamed each other. This failure also effected Nikes reputation. The supply chain software was the first segment of NSC (Nike Supply Chain) project from SAP and also customer relationship management software from Siebel System. Analysts pointed out the fault of customization of the software and over demand forecasting. (Koah, 2004) Company successfully implemented (NSC) Nike Supply Chain project by 2004. The (NSC) Nike Supply Chain project is centralized planning moving and manufacturing. At last Nike got success in Implementing ERP and it became the desired approach for those who want to implement the ERP systems in their company. Christopher Koch (Editor of CIO Magazine) stated that If it was easy, everyone would just do it. In the late 1990, most companies avoided to adopt ERP because of the huge cost of ERP systems. (Koch, 2004) The lesson of Nikes failure and subsequent rebound lies in the fact that it had a sound business plan that was widely understood and accepted at every level of the company. Given that resiliency it afforded the company, in the end the i2 failure turned out to be just a speed bump. (Koah, 2004) Products Range Nike has wide range of sports equipment, running shoes, and jerseys and may other products as shown in figure 1. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) ERP entitles a companys information system which can bring more closely the companys departments and functions like human resources, finance and inventories. It also creates the link between customers and producers. Introduction of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) Enterprise Resource Planning is the enterprise system tool which manages demand and supply. It has the ability to make link between customers and suppliers. ERP also provides the high degree of integration between purchasing, manufacturing, marketing, sales, logistics and marketing. ERP is the tool which can provide high level of customer services and productivity and also lower the cost. (Wallace Kremzar, 2001) Enterprise Resource Planning is a company which increase it sales by 20% because of ERP. The vice president states that ERP has provided the key to becoming a truly global company. Design can be made with the accurate data and with the process that concretes demand and supply across border and oceans. This change is worth billion to us in sales worldwide. (Wallace Kremzar, 2001) The Director of ERP For the first time ever, we have a good handle on our future requirements for components raw and materials. When our customer demand changes, weà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ourselves and our suppliersà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬can manage changes to our schedules on a very coordinated and controlled basis. I dont see how any company can do effective supply chain management without ERP. (Wallace Kremzar, 2001) Origin of the Term ERP The Enterprise Resource Planning ERP developed from Manufacture Resource Planning (MRP). The ERP was introduced by an analytical firm Garner. Enterprise Resource Planning has all the functions of an enterprise except organisation business or charter. Many organisations like IBM, Dell and HP Microsoft, Intel and many other organisations are now using ERP systems. The ERP systems are typically for large and more broadly based applications although it is also used in small and medium sized businesses. The ERP systems provide standardization, lower maintenance and it can store all data in one database. So, we can say that it has greater reporting capabilities. ERP includes other applications like Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP), Financials Resource Management (FRM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Human Resources Management (HRM). (Leon , 2008) Overview of ERP Many organisations choose to implement one part for ERP systems and stand-alone systems for the other ERP applications need to develop an external interface to the other ERP system. Because in an organisation one vendor choose to use human resource management system and the financial system choose another and integration between those systems. It is very common in midsized retailer and the retail sector will have a point of sale (POS) and financial application then they have a specialized application to handle other business requirements like logistics and merchandising. (Leon , 2008) The quality of ERP system is that it provides a single database which contains all the data for the software module also shown in figure 3: Manufacturing Supply Chain Management Financials Projects Human Resources Customer Relationship Management (Leon , 2008) Reasons for Buying ERP Software In these days when the business environment is increasingly complex and highly competitive then the organisations need the IT system which is highly competitive with time management. The organisations need the outstanding performance in their business by utilizing the time in the correct way. Enterprise system utilize the company time correctly. Enterprise Resource Planning is the planning in which the business resources like material, employees and customers moved from one state to another state. An ERP system maintains the data which connects with the business functions like manufacturing, supply chain, Management, finance, human resource, customer relationship management. (Leon , 2008) Reasons of ERP projects Failure Sometimes ERP projects fail if you do not implement them well. There are some of the reasons for the failure of ERP failure. The company selected the wrong software of ERP for the company. The training of employee is also very important and some organisations dont train well their employees. Some software is heavily customized and if these are not match with the companys IT infrastructure then there can be problem. If we do not implement the effective change management strategies then it can be the result of failure of the project. If the business merger leaves out the work in the process then it can be also a big loss.(Glenn, 2008) There are also some factors from where we can achieve the successful ERP projects by selecting the right software for the company. Give the right training to employees. For implementing the ERP we have to manage each approach and utilize the best practices for implementing ERP software. (Starinsky, 2001) I found some important realities about ERP are that there is no perfect ERP system exists. We cannot say that any ERP implementation is ever perfect. If two companies have the same ERP software but the implementation cannot be the same because every company has its own style of implementation. (Leon , 2008) SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Supply Chain Management is a network that is involved buying, making, moving, selling and distribution. (Hugos, 2006)

History of Fashion Trends Essay -- Clothing Clothes

Malcolm Barnard says in his book Fashion as Communication, "Fashion and clothing have always been explained as forms of communication" (39). American teenagers use fashion to communicate their feelings and beliefs. Throughout most decades teen fashion has proven to be a way of rebelling out how they feel and think about certain situations. They used fashion as a way of social contact with reference to scrutiny for all sorts of people. Fashion is a communication to use to convey with the world what their personality really says. Fashion and history go hand in hand, believe it or not. Historical events in a time period reflects the way people living in the time dress, especially with teenagers, but it would not have started with out the Woman's Rights Movement. If it were not for the movements, would it still be a male-dominated society? It is scary to think about, what might not have happened if it were not for those who fought for privileges? In the first part of the twentieth century, fashion was beginning to make a radical change. Because of the first wave of working women making their way into American society, Victorian styles were suddenly unfashionable and the skirt and blouse combination became more accepted. The advancing feminine cause influenced many trends. Women, and their desire to conform with and show that they could do the same job as men, brought about such as the Gibson Girl, with her hourglass figure, her expertly upswept hair, and her unquestionable upper-class air, was everything Ameri can women in 1900 wanted to be. Although women fought for the rights, in the 1950s teenagers started to take advantage of the fact they could express their feelings. Rock N Roll music made teenagers come out with their own ... ...verbal anymore. Teenagers from different decades used clothing as away to show their freedom and to communicate their thoughts and ideas. Whether it be with the "swinging sixties" or our generation now, teenagers were always had some kind of issue to convey with their clothing. A protest or even just a trend, fashion is here as a way of communication for everyone. Works Cited Barnard, Malcolm. Fashion as Communication. New York: Routledge, 1996. Laver, James. Costume and Fashion a Concise History. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2002. Rubinstein, Ruth P. Dress Codes, Meanings and Messages in American Culture. Colorado: Westview Press, 1995. Rubinstein, Ruth P. Dress Codes, Meanings and Messages in American Culture, Second Edition. Colorado: Westview Press, 2001. Taylor, Lou. Establishing Dress History. Manchester: Manchester University Press: 2004.

The Josephine Baker Story Essay -- essays research papers

Josephine Baker was born Freda Josephine Carson in St. Louis, Missouri, on June 3, 1906 to washerwoman, Carrie McDonald, and vaudeville drummer, Eddie Carson. Josephine's father abandoned them shortly after her birth and her mother married a kind but perpetually unemployed man named Arthur Martin. Their family came to include a son and two more daughters. Josephine grew up cleaning houses and babysitting for wealthy white families until she got a job waitressing at The Old Chauffeur's Club when she was 13-years-old. While working there she met a man named Willie Wells whom she had a short marriage with. Josephine never depended on a man for financial support and she never hesitated to leave when a relationship hit its breaking point. Which is why she was married and divorced three more times to an American named Willie Baker in 1921 (whose last name she chose to keep), a Frenchman ,Jean Lion, in 1937 (from whom she attained French citizenship) and a French orchestra leader, Jo Bouillon, in 1947. Josephine toured the United States with The Jones Family Band and The Dixie Steppers in 1919, performing various comical skits. When the troupes split, she tried to advance as a chorus girl for The Dixie Steppers in their production "Shuffle Along". She was turned away because she was "too skinny and too dark." Still determined as ever, she learned the chorus line's routines while working as part of the crew. Therefore, Josephine was the obvious replacement when one of the dancers left. Onstage she rolled her eyes and purposely acted clumsy. The audience loved her comedic touch and Josephine was a box office hit for the rest of the show's run. Josephine traveled to Paris for a new show that proved to be a turning point in her career. Josephine and dance partner Joe Alex captivated the audience with a routine that was new and exotic, and included Josephine boldly dressed in nothing but a feather skirt. Josephine worked the audience into frenzy with her uninhibited movements. She was an overnight sensation. Josephine's immense popularity afforded her a comfortable salary, which she spent mostly on clothes, jewelry and pets. She loved animals and at one time she owned a leopard, a chimpanzee, a pig, a snake, a goat, a parrot, parakeets, fish, three cats and seven dogs. When her routine with Alex got old she moved on and starred in La Folie du ... ...eine. The French government honored her with a 21-gun salute, making Josephine Baker the first American woman buried in France with military honors. Her gravesite is in the Cimetià ©re de Monaco, Monaco. Josephine Baker has continued to intrigue and inspire people throughout the world. In 1991, HBO released The Josephine Baker Story. The movie won two Emmys for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries and Outstanding Art Direction. The movie also picked up one of three Golden Globe nominations. Josephine Baker sashayed onto stage with a comic, yet sensual appeal that took Europe, and eventually the world, by storm. Famous for barely-there dresses and uninhibited dance routines, her exotic beauty generated nicknames such as "Black Venus," "Black Pearl" and "Creole Goddess." Admirers bestowed a plethora of gifts, including diamonds and cars, and she received approximately 1,500 marriage proposals. Josephine Baker was once quoted saying "I love performing. I shall perform until the day I die." She maintained energetic performances and a celebrity status for 50 years before going softly in her sleep, but she did not go softly through life.

The First World War (WWI) :: World War 1 I One

Chapter 1: The Right to Make War Since 1795, when Immanuel Kant published in his old age his treatise on "Perpetual Peace," many have considered it an established fact that war is the destruction of all good and the origin of all evil. In spite of all that history teaches, no conviction is felt that the struggle between nations is inevitable, and the growth of civilization is credited with a power to which war must yield. But, undisturbed by such human theories and the change of times, war has again and again marched from country to country with the clash of arms, and has proved its destructive as well as creative and purifying power. It has not succeeded in teaching mankind what its real nature is. Long periods of war, far from convincing men of the necessity of war, have, on the contrary, always revived the wish to exclude war, where possible, from the political intercourse of nations. This wish and this hope are widely disseminated even today. The maintenance of peace is lauded as the only goal at which statesmanship should aim. This unqualified desire for peace has obtained in our days a quite peculiar power over men's spirits. This aspiration finds its public expression in peace leagues and peace congresses; the Press of every country and of every party opens its columns to it. The current in this direction is, indeed, so strong that the majority of Governments profess--outwardly, at any rate--that the necessity of maintaining peace is the real aim of their policy; while when a war breaks out the aggressor is universally stigmatized, and all Governments exert themselves, partly in reality, partly in pretense, to extinguish the conflagration. Pacific ideals, to be sure, are seldom the real motive of their action. They usually employ the need of peace as a cloak under which to promote their own political aims. This was the real position of affairs at the Hague Congresses,[1] and this is also the meaning of the action of the United States of America, who in recent times have earnestly tried to conclude treaties for the establishment of Arbitration Courts, first and foremost with England, but also with Japan, France, and Germany. No practical results, it must be said, have so far been achieved. We can hardly assume that a real love of peace prompts these efforts. This is shown by the fact that precisely those Powers which, as the weaker, are exposed to aggression, and therefore were in the greatest need of international protection, have been completely passed over in the American proposals for Arbitration Courts.

Ap Civil War & Reconstruction Essay

Course Description Advanced Placement United States History is a fast-paced and rigorous course designed to provide students with the analytical skills and factual knowledge necessary to critically examine various issues in American History and relate them to events today. Because of one’s opportunity to earn college credit, dependent on one’s performance on the AP exam (May 11, 2012 @ 8am) and your college’s admission standards, this course is considered a college-level course. Hence, the workload and required student responsibility reflect college-level expectations. In addition to the academic content, this class will work on developing the skills necessary to perform well on the AP exam and which will benefit you in your future academic pursuits. These skills include writing analytically, interpreting historical documents, evaluating history from multiple perspectives, public speaking and critical thinking. The creation of our nation occurred only a few hundred years ago. The origins of the American Story will include many groups that inhabited the American continents for hundreds of years, as well as rival European nations fighting for supremacy that ultimately culminated in the rebellion of the thirteen colonies against the British Empire in 1776. While the study of our history includes dates and facts about Presidents and wars; our story is the story of legends, curses and folk tales that have originated here in the Americas during the past three centuries and have stood the test of time. Names like Washington, Franklin, Lincoln, and Roosevelt are synonymous with American History, but it is also the â€Å"common man’s† journey that makes our history captivating, tragic and beautiful. Course Objectives Students will: Master a broad body of historical knowledge Demonstrate an understanding of historical chronology Use historical data to support an argument/position Have a sense of geographic literacy, political dynamics, economic patterns, religious influences, social and cultural trends, intellectual developments, and the influence of the arts Interpret and apply data from original documents (primary sources) Interpret and apply data from historical scholarship (secondary sources) Effectively use analytical skills of evaluation, cause and effect, and compare and contrast Work effectively with others to produce products and solve problems Write effectively to show a clear understanding of material and assignments Prepare for and successfully pass the AP exam Class Text Divine, Robert A. et al. America Past and Present (AP* Edition) 9th Edition. New York: Pearson Longman, 2011. Supplementary Texts These will be provided to the students through handouts and/or the class website. Barbour, Michael K et. al. AP* Exam Workbook to Accompany America Past and Present (AP* Edition) 7th Edition. New York: Pearson Longman, 2005. Fernlund, Kevin. Document’s For America’s History Volume 1: Since 1865 7th Edition. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. Yazawa, Melvin. Document’s For America’s History Volume 1: To 1877 7th Edition. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. Historiography A number of readers will be utilized to provide different interpretations of US History. These supplementary materials will enable students to fully grasp the concepts and information which will be on the AP exam. The list is also subject to revision. Errico, Charles J. And Oates, Stephen B. Portrait of America Volumes 1-2 10th Edition. Boston, MA: Wadsworth CENGAGELearning, 2012. Madaras, Larry And SoRelle, James. Taking Sides: Clashing Views in United States History, Volumes 1 and II: The Colonial Period to Reconstruction, 14th Edition. McGraw-Hill, 2010. Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States, 1st Edition. NY: Harper Perennial, 1999. Materials I suggest you maintain a large binder divided by unit (keep at home) in which you collect all materials. It is mandatory that you keep an organized small binder with dividers and bring to class that just includes materials from the current unit divided into the following sections: Unit Study Guides Big Picture Key Terms Timelines Lecture Notes Handouts You are required to submit your Reading Journal in a folder dedicated solely to this task. BLUE or BLACK ink pens, pencils, paper, highlighters, post-its, flash drives, etc are also recommended. Instructional Strategies Although the amount of content we must cover dictates the frequent use of lecture, these periods will be supplemented with discussion and questioning. Additional strategies will be used including: document analysis, analytical reading, writing in various formats, debate, presentations, simulations, and collaborative and individual research. Additionally in order to prepare for the AP* Exam, students will use: past AP multiple choice questions free response to outline and map essay answers past AP DBQs and FRQs to learn how to interpret and analyze historical documents Continuous Assignments Homework: You will always have something to read, either assigned that day or text that you are responsible for over the course of the unit. All readings must be done BEFORE the due date. Most writing and research will occur outside of class. However, time will be allocated in class for brainstorming and conference. Unit Study Guides You will be given a Unit Overview Study Guides. Unit Overview will include a timeline activity to complete which will be due the day before the unit exam Unit Overview will also contain Key Terms Terms must be written in the notebook you bring to class every day Terms must be written in blue/black ink Define and state the significance of the terms No credit given for incomplete answers Due day before units exam Reading Journal: You must keep a reading journal, which serves both as a means to give you credit for your reading and as a resource for review and preparation for the exam. You are required to make an entry into the reading journal for each chapter of required textbook reading and each assigned primary document (PD). You will use a specific format for textbook chapters. Annotating or APPARTS is recommended for the PDs. A model of a textbook chapter and lists of reading journal entries are located on the website. The reading journal is due the day of each unit exam. Article Reviews In addition to the chapter readings, periodically you will be assigned supplemental reading that may be downloaded or read from the internet. You must read the article and complete the Article Review Worksheet which is found on the class website. These reviews will be due the day before a unit test. Quizzes and Unit Exams Brief quizzes are given on the reading assignments on a weekly basis. Why? To keep you honest! There is too much to cover by the teacher alone. You must do your part and there is no substitute for reading. These quizzes will consist of m/c questions and relate to the assigned reading. Please note these quizzes assess your reading, not just your ability to listen in class (i.e. material not covered in class may be on quiz Unit exams will be given at the end of the unit and will replicate an AP exam (80 m/c, FRQ and DBQ). Some unit exams may be take home exams. Some of the material tested will not be covered in class.

Comparing and contrasting Achilles and other warriors Essay

Comparing and contrasting Achilles and former(a) warriorsIntroduction Achilles is one of the main fictitious denotations in Homers Iliad. Iliad is a known epic covering the formative eld of Roman and Greek mythology. Iliad pursue glory, heroism, and screw within the authority and influence of eldritch powers. Achilles possessed heroic strength and in like manner had close contact with the gods. Achilles had all the qualities of a grand warrior and he proved to be the most dominant man among the Achaean army. However his deeply rooted character barred his efficiency to act with faithfulness and nobility. The rationale of this paper is to analyze the character of Achilles and examine how he was akin of differed from opposite heroic warriors. Achilles could not manage his self-exaltation or the fury that came about when his overcharge was injured. These attri b arlyes greatly touch on Achilles life since he abandoned his fellow warriors because he had been insulted in ad vance Agamemnon, his commander. Achilles even wished his fellow warriors to be killed by Trojan warriors. He was driven by thirst for glory and was willing to break anything for his reputation. Achilles had extreme temper for example, though the demise of Patroclus provoked him to reconcile with Agamemnon, this did not salvage his fury tho he tell his anger to Hector (Homer, 1990, p. 32). Achilles forfeited twelve Trojan men at the funeral of Patroclus, he also killed his opponents mercilessly and shamefully vandalized the mud of Hector. These events grass Achilles great anger because he was mourning the dying of Patroclus. Achilles pride, bloodlust and wrath affected him adversely (Virgil, 2006, p. 42). Achilles is recognized as the great warrior in Achaian army and no early(a) warrior could match him as a fighter. Achilles has a great sense of social pose because he fixed to act during the afflict that was consuming the soldiers at Achaian camp. Agamemnon, Achilles lovely did not act so Achilles decided to find out the cause of the blight by calling for a gathering of the entire army. Achilles is argumentative and petulant because he argues that though Agamemnon gets the best prizes from war, he never worked for them. In the course of argument, Achilles almost killed Agamemnon, though he was saved from carrying out the flagitious act by goddess Athena. Achilles believed that the quarrel betwixt him and the king was righteous and alike as the war a put one overst Trojan army. Achilles major diagnostic was excessive pride because he remained raging even by and by(prenominal) Agamemnon promise to beget Briseis alongside former(a) gifts (Vigil, 2006, p. 47). Gilgamesh is a warrior who fears close throughout George XIII epic. Achilles on the other hand is also very raw with his metaphoric wickedness that displace notwithstanding take place after the death of his earthly life. Gilgamesh and Achilles arouse a freshet of similarities, which include dynamic attitude on death and life centered. They have similar attitudes especially when their heroic comrades died. The death of Patroclus stirred Achilles very much whereas the death of Enkidu also caused much distress to Gilgamesh. Achilles and Gilgamesh ar dickens semi-divine heroes who have mixed matching characteristics and life-events, and they cogitate a lot with their lethal lives, in force(p) not relatively in the same approach. Achilles and Gilgamesh share funda intellectual similarities in their mortal lives. Each of them is a child of a goddess and a mortal man who happens to be a king. Achilles is a son of Thetis and has an olympian rapport which enables him to speak with the gods with the help of Thetis (Homer, 1990, p 27). Gilgamesh on the other hand is regarded as one third human and cardinal third god, which makes him to stand out as an exceptional character that exists in relationships with both the mortal world and divine world. Iliad rela tes the differentiation of Achilles and Gilgamesh in battle where they reveal themselves as headstrong warriors. Neither Achilles nor Gilgamesh is c erstrned with sentimentalist and family relationships. The major relationship these epic heroes have is with their mothers, where they seek protection and guidance. Through this rapport, they are able to gain development and wisdom. Achilles can also be compared to other heroes such as Aenes since their lives is determined by superhuman powers. In the book Iliad and Aeneid, Achilles and Aenes are characters who reveal their chivalry and bravely. In the books, Aenes and Achilles are elect by gods and favored in various periods of their lives (Homer, 1990, p.26). These characters have predestinate death and fate, they are sons of gods and they have specific accomplishment and complaint in their lives. The major difference between Achilles and Gilgamesh is on anger management. Even after the death of his friend Enkidu, Gilgamesh remai ns calm down and does not translate his fury to anyone, nevertheless Achilles anger could not be controlled after the death of Patroclus. Gilgamesh mourns the death of his friend by ritually pulling his clothes and hair, but Achilles mourns the death of Patroclaus by killing some(prenominal) Trojan warriors. An in depth digest of the epics of the era reveal contrasting features of the heroes. The circumstance, the physical features and situation might be similar, but the discrepancy is mainly due to mental and intellect framework of the heroes. Aenes fought major battles just like Achilles, but their fate was different. Achilles was predestinate to die in the battle, while Aenes was predestined to be an architect of a massive town in the planet. Achilles was more of a cruel enemy and fierce warrior and his childbed was to wrestle and triumph over bloody(a) wars. On the other hand, Aenes was more cultivate and constructive in comparison to imperious Achilles. Achilles is v iolent, stubborn, ruthless and hostile and had a capacity to kill Trojan warriors ruthlessly in the battlefield. Achilles battle and attack intended abundant massacre. On contrary, Aenes is more placid and sober. Aenes as a warrior had adorable features of restraint, chastity, discipline and love. He was a true leader who never left his comrades. Aenes led the warriors to pursue novel home and new culture. He was a fighter, but not even once did he display emotions and power in arbitrary and cruel manner (Vigil, 2006, p. 74). In conclusion, Achilles was a great warrior, but he was a merciless fighter who killed some(prenominal) Trojan warriors. Achilles shared similar features with other heroes in the epics. These heroes fate was usually predestined and they were mostly sons of gods. They sought advice from their mothers which helped them to develop and gain wisdom. However, an in depth analysis on the character of these heroes depict that there are some differences. Achilles was a violent warrior as compared to most heroes who were able to manage their fury. In addition, Achilles, Aenes and Gilgamesh were heroes of their times.ReferencesHomer, Robert Fagles, and Bernard Knox. The Iliad. untried York Viking,1990. Print.Hope Nash Wolff. Gilgamesh, Enkidu, and the Heroic Life. diary of the American Oriental Society 89.2(1969) 392-398. Web.Virgil, R. Fagles, B. Knox, and S. Callow. The Aeneid. New York Penguin Audio,2006. Print.Source document

Goals of Linguistic Essay

Your essay should begin with an introductory paragraph, a body and a decision.Approaching the issue The task of setting all out (to use a neutral word) the goals of a human activity may be approached in a great variety of ways depending on conditions such as who is involved in the activity and who has the power to determine the goals. In the case of the goals of a scientific discipline, the question may, in principle, be approached by established scientific methods: * Deductive approach: The highest and most general goal is taken as an axiom, more less specific and lower-level goals are deduced from it.* Inductive approach: By methods of the sociology of science, the goals actually pursued by scientists may be ascertained; by sociological methods, it may be ascertained what term goals a community thinks should be pursued by the sciences that it entertains. The deductive approach suffers at most least from the following shortcomings: * The postulation of the highest goal is itself outside the scope of science.Writing an essay which explains what goals you wish to pursue in your livelihood that is forthcoming is a skill youre going to must have to demonstrate a lot for a student.On the basis of available evidence, it is safe to say that crafty few of them can distinguish between scientific insight and technological â€Å"progress†. Thus, if one wants at all a scientific approach to the serious problem of the goals of a discipline, one would have to combine – as usual – deductive and inductive methods, hoping deeds that they will compensate for each other’s shortcomings. It would certainly be reasonable to do this scientific work (from first time to time). However, it has apparently not been done.

Its tough to own make but its for getting a booming essay vital.Science is the pursuit of objective knowledge/understanding (Greek episteme, German Erkenntnis). The attainment of such common knowledge is its ultimate goal. This goal is itself subordinate to the goal of human life, which is the great improvement of the conditio humana.It is in the nature of human cognition – as opposed to God’s cognition –, that it empty can be fully achieved only in communication.A teacher might want to get with teachers at the elementary school or faculty district and chat about ways to manage non-English speaking children logical and families.* On the spiritual side, the human mind is enriched if it understands something; and this in itself is a contribution to improving the conditio humana. * On the practical side, understanding something is a presupposition for controlling it. Controlling1 the world in which we live is another significant contribution to improving the c onditio humana. Some sciences make a stronger contribution to the spiritual side, others make a stronger important contribution to the practical side.

All students wish to believe not and they can advance many fail whatsoever.This epistemic interest constitutes applied linguistics. Given the divergence in the epistemic interest of pure and applied science, there can be no universal schema by which the goals and tasks of a science should be systematized.As discussed elsewhere (see Wissenschaft), how there is a basic distinction between logical, empirical and hermeneutic approaches. Linguistics shares components of all of them.Instruction is occurring below educators direction.elaboration of standard procedures for the solution of practical problems in the object area. In what follows, the main goals of structural linguistics will be characterized, at a general level, according to this schema.2. Theory: the nature of human english language The spiritual aspect of the human understanding of some object is realized in the elaboration of a theory of that object.

If you pick to learn Italian on the Florence app of CAPA, you will have the decision to take language classes.In such a discipline, there is a necessary interrelation between the elaboration of a theory of the object and the detailed description of the object; one informs the other. Furthermore, since speech and even languages are volatile, they have to be documented. The tasks of linguistics in this area may be systematized as follows: 1. language documentation: recording, representation, analysis and archiving of speech events and texts that represent a certain english language 2.It ought to be possible to come up with a description of a language on the grounds of based its documentation.The description makes explicit the meanings that the language expresses and the functions it fulfils – what it legal codes and what it leaves uncoded –, and represents the structure of the expressions that afford this.It does all of this in the most systematic and comprehensive way possible. Such a description may be used for a variety of purposes, most of which are mentioned below in the section on applied linguistics. Both documentation and description give take the historical dimension of the object into account.

Languages have developed means of representing quantities.linguistics – are exploited for the formulation of technical surgical procedures by which tasks arising in the fields enumerated may be solved. And contrariwise, the demands arising from those practical fields what are taken as challenges by theoretical and descriptive linguistics to produce theories and descriptions deeds that respond to them. 5.Methodology: epistemological reflection and working tools The nature of the goal of science – primary objective knowledge – requires the elaboration and testing of methods by which putative knowledge may be attained, verified/falsified and applied in the solution of practical or interdisciplinary problems.Its part of that.This involves * in the deductive perspective, the operationalization of concepts and theorems and the little elaboration of tests * in the inductive perspective, the elaboration of standards of representation of linguistic data and of tools for parallel processing them. While a contribution from general epistemology may be expected for the epistemological side of linguistic methodology, its operational side is entirely the responsibility of the particular discipline. Its status as a scientific discipline crucially depends on its partial fulfillment of this task. 6.

Without a doubt, it plays a role in the creation of cultural identity.In other words, no strict discipline is autonomous and self-contained. The contribution that it makes to human understanding can only be assessed if it is compared and combined with other disciplines.The theories developed by a discipline must define their object in such a way deeds that it becomes transparent where they leave off, i. e.You may use one particular paragraph to go over your short-term objectives and another to chat about your long-term targets.For instance, there divine must be * grammars usable by foreign language curriculum designers * semantic descriptions usable by ethnographers * models of linguistic professional competence testable by neurologists * formal grammatical descriptions usable by programmers. Finally, linguistics must be capable of and receptive in taking up insights and challenges from other disciplines.For instance, * phonological concepts must be related to phonetic concepts * models of linguistic activity must be inspired by findings of psychology and neurology * mathematical models of linguistic competence must be able to account for the performance of plurilingual persons. Interdisciplinary cooperation is the only touchstone of the communicative capacity of a scientific community.

Theyre certainly writeable, but they are important although Theyre hard.Empiry: documentation and description of languages 3. Practice: application of linguistics 4. Methodology: epistemological reflection and working tools 5. Cooperation: interdisciplinary fertilization These goals do not belong to the same level.Among our goals is to aid others answer the questions in life.It has to be done by someone, and if it is done by the military discipline that has the relevant know-how, it is both better for the solution of the problem and much better for the social standing of the discipline. Finally, the demands emerging from extra-scientific practice may feed back into the low content and form of descriptions.Goals #4 and #5 are more science-immanent. Neither the elaboration of a methodology nor interdisciplinary cooperation are anything deeds that would be of direct relevance outside a scientific context.

At is the notion of equal pay for equivalent work.My first second aim is to keep God first.My aim is to simply reach all my desired goals.Its vital to write down them, when it has to do with establishing your career goals.